The differences in intentions and reasons among the opponents of the caliphate of Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA) and the beginning of the intellectual division between (35-40 AH, 655-660 AD). johs [Internet]. 2026 Jan. 11 [cited 2026 Jan. 15];25(1):12-20. Available from: http://sebhau.edu.ly/journal/johs/article/view/4575