Sebha University Conference Proceedings

Efficient Object Detection in Autonomous Driving Systems Using YOLOv5 and CARLA Simulator

Bader N. Awedat — 2024-11-29

One of primary challenges in autonomous driving is high cost of electronic components, which can hinder widespread adoption and experimentation necessary for advancements in this field. Open-source CARLA simulator provides a cost-effective and realistic environment for conducting experiments in autonomous driving, allowing for precise and efficient testing without need for expensive hardware. In this study, we focus on object detection within autonomous driving systems using CARLA simulator. Deep learning model YOLOv5 was employed to detect ten different objects: bike, motorcycle, person, traffic light green, traffic light orange, traffic light red, traffic sign 30, traffic sign 60, traffic sign 90, and vehicle. Model was trained for 150 epochs using a dataset of 1864 images, divided into 1600 images for training, 264 images for testing. Training results for all classes were Precision (P) of 0.934, Recall (R) of 0.908, mAP@50 of 0.935 and mAP@50-95 of 0.689. Test results for all classes were Precision (P) of 0.93, Recall (R) of 0.892, mAP@50 of 0.93 and mAP@50-95 of 0.675. These results demonstrate model's capability to accurately detect and retrieve objects. Additionally, external testing on model with new images showed good performance, successfully recognizing objects in various scenarios. This research highlights potential of using CARLA simulator and YOLOv5 model for efficient and effective object detection in autonomous driving systems, paving way for further advancements in this critical field.

Applications and Advancements of 3D Printing in Construction

Salhin Alaud — 2024-11-29

Recent years have seen tremendous developments in the building business, with one of the most revolutionary technologies being 3D printing (3DP). Additive manufacturing, or 3DP, has emerged as a significant advancement in several industries, including construction. This review attempts to provide a thorough grasp of the current and future condition of 3DP in the construction sector by reviewing a large number of research, case studies, and industry reports. This study offers a thorough analysis of 3DP in the construction industry, examining the uses, difficulties, and potential of the technology. It provides an overview of several 3DP construction methods, identifies the required tools, and includes information on printer kinds and materials. The paper discusses the advantages of 3DP in construction, such as reduced material waste, increased design freedom, and faster building schedules. The limitations and drawbacks of 3DP in the construction sector are also covered, along with issues with primary costs, regulations, and quality control. Examples of uses for 3DP construction prototypes throughout the world are presented. There is a discussion of the many applications of 3DP in buildings, ranging from large-scale structures to small-scale prototypes. The study's conclusion outlines probable future advancements and 3DP technological breakthroughs that could drastically alter the construction industry.

Optimizing Extended Kalman Filter for Speed Sensorless Control of Induction Motors Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

Abobkr Hamid — 2024-11-29

Implementing sensor less control in induction motor drives has significantly reduced expenses and hardware weight while enhancing reliability. Among the highly effective speed sensor less control techniques, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is distinguished by its superior estimation accuracy. However, the efficiency of the EKF relies on the accurate determination of noise covariance matrices. Recently, many studies have aimed to optimize these matrices to enhance performance. In this research, we introduce a unique method for speed estimation in an induction motor drive using the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm to maximize the performance of EKF. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the Matlab/Simulink simulation of a constant Voltage/Hertz controller-based drive system at different operating conditions.

Analytic Study of Linear Analysis vs. Nonlinear Analysis: Optimum and Sustainable Structure Perspective

Mohamed Ali Karim — 2024-11-29

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of linear and nonlinear structural analysis methods, evaluating their Its effect in optimizing and sustaining structural designs. By leveraging advanced scientific data and analytical techniques, this study aims to discern the optimal conditions and scenarios for employing each method. The research includes detailed calculations, comparative data, and case studies, emphasizing the sustainability implications and long-term benefits of each approach.

Implementing Zigbee Networks for Monitoring and Tracking Electricity Meters

Mohamed A. Elalem — 2024-11-29

In order to lower electricity consumption, improve billing accuracy, and avoid customer issues, it is essential for residences, businesses, and factories to monitor their electrical meters. This paper introduces Zigbee technology as a standards-based wireless technology designed to facilitate low-power, low-cost wireless networks for the internet of things (IoT) and machine-to-machine (M2M). Zigbee is an open-source device for low-power, low-data-rate applications. Zigbee allows much lower data speeds and employs a mesh networking protocol. The goal of this work is to employ ZigBee networks to address earlier issues with electricity usage measurement. These networks eliminate the need for employees to carry out this procedure. Due to some technical and manufacturing issues with available reading meters, the practical portion of the work involved using an Arduino to simulate the operation of an electric meter. The reading has been successfully linked and transmitted, and a distance of 300 meters of transmission has been achieved via XBee. This confirms the process of using ZigBee networks to provide a wide and suitable network to monitor electrical meters in residential neighborhoods.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Moisture Damage in Hot and Warm Mix Asphalt and Associated Research Inquiries

Bashir M. Aburawi — 2024-11-29

Moisture is considered a significant factor that affects the quality and performance of asphalt, as it can cause deterioration of the binder and reduce its durability and resistance to cracking. The study examines various aspects related to moisture damage in asphalt. It begins by exploring the mechanisms of water penetration into the asphalt and how the water interacts with the asphalt constituents. The effects of moisture on the properties of the asphalt binder and the overall asphalt mixture are then analyzed. The study also delves into the impacts of moisture on the mechanical strength of asphalt, including its resistance to stripping, rutting, and cracking. Furthermore, the study discusses treatment and prevention techniques for mitigating moisture damage in asphalt. Overall, this comprehensive study provides a thorough examination of the complex issue of moisture damage in asphalt, covering the underlying mechanisms, the resulting impacts on asphalt performance, and the strategies for addressing this critical challenge, such as using water treatment agents and adding moisture-resistant materials in the asphalt mixture. Current literature and related research are reviewed to benefit from recent advancements in this field and guide future research. The study concludes with potential research directions, including studying the effects of moisture in asphalt on the remaining service life of roads, developing non-destructive testing techniques to assess moisture content in asphalt, and improving the design and specifications of asphalt materials to enhance their moisture resistance. In summary, this study offers a comprehensive analysis of moisture damage in hot and warm mix asphalt. The study significantly contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms behind asphalt deterioration due to moisture exposure.

The Possibility of Using the Cloud Computing in E-learning in Modern Libyan High School

Fjria A. Saleh Zalita — 2024-11-29

Because of the explosive growth in the volume of data and information limits the ability of companies to manage these data, information and control effectively, and with continuing high storage costs companies face makes data retrieval and preparation of copies problems, As well as the high prevalence of advanced information technologies almost daily impact on the efficiency and productivity of the business. This paper investigates the potential of using cloud computing in self-learning skill development for Libyan Modern High School students (third level, IT department). The research explores the concept of cloud computing and its characteristics in the context of e-learning. It then highlights the benefits offered by cloud computing, such as easy access to applications and resources, cost savings, and improved efficiency. However, the paper also acknowledges potential obstacles, including internet availability and security concerns. A field study was conducted with 30 students using Microsoft Live@Edu, a cloud-based e-learning platform. The study evaluated the program's effectiveness in facilitating self-learning and assessed student perceptions of its importance, quality, and benefits. The analysis of the questionnaire results revealed that a majority of the students agreed on the program's value and positive impact on their learning experience. They highlighted the benefits of easy access, anytime and anywhere availability, and features that support collaboration and communication. The paper concludes by suggesting that cloud computing holds promise for enhancing e-learning in Libyan high schools. However, it emphasizes the need to address internet connectivity limitations and security considerations for successful implementation.

Preserving Oil Refinery and Petrochemical Facilities to Prevent Corrosion During Inactivity

Ahmed Kharidege — 2024-11-29

Due to the unstable situation in certain oil-producing nations, Oil and petrochemical production is projected to decrease so that the option to abandon a plant and temporary shutdown will increase. Therefore, the comprehensive method from the pre-mothballing, mothballing, and recommissioning stages should be developed. Corrosion in refineries is a critical issue affecting various units, necessitating preventive measures such as cathode protection, inhibitors, and protective coatings. Exploring the strategies and methods used for maintaining and preserving oil refinery and petrochemical plants during periods of inactivity to prevent corrosion issues is a crucial. Oil refinery and petrochemical plants are susceptible to corrosion, which can have detrimental effects on their equipment and overall performance. By implementing effective mothballing techniques, such as surface preparation, the use of protective coatings and inhibitors, and adequate storage and monitoring practices, corrosion can be mitigated. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of mothballing methods essential for the longevity and optimal functioning of oil refinery and petrochemical plants.

The impact of squares and open areas on the urban environment (Al Hilal buildings in Tarhuna city, a case study)

أسامة أبوالخير إمهير — 2024-12-03

This study addresses an urban problem that negatively affects the urban environment of cities, It is neglecting the squares and open areas in residential complexes, as these squares and open areas are considered the lungs of cities in general and residential areas in particular. It is an element of sustainability. Which plays a major role in the sustainable urban design process and contributes to meeting the needs of the residents of these communities and providing all their services. Hence the importance of this study, which highlights the importance of open areas and their role in achieving a sustainable urban environment and what they reflect on the city on the other hand. This study aims to identify the concepts of sustainable urban environment and how to achieve them in the study area and their impact on humans from all social and cultural aspects. The researchers in this study relied on the descriptive and analytical approaches for the Al Hilal Buildings area in the city of Tarhuna to reach results that could give the required importance to open areas and identify the factors that contribute to achieving a sustainable urban environment.

The Possibility of Treating the Surface Water of Ayin Kiam with Aleppo Pine Extracts

Asmaa J Alshireedi — 2024-12-04

The present work aimed to treatment the surface water of Ayin Kaim using the aqueous extract of Aleppo pine leaves as a coagulant. Several analyses were performed on water before and after treatment included pH, total dissolved solids, conductivity, turbidity, iron ion concentration, and total coliform count, also GC-MS analysis was performed on Aleppo pine leaf powder. The coagulation properties of Aleppo pine seeds and cones were found to be promising, but several limitations prompted the search for more effective alternatives. Notably, the utilization of aqueous leaf extract from Aleppo pine in water purification has not been previously reported. Our findings unequivocally demonstrated that the aqueous extract of Aleppo pine leaves significantly enhanced water quality parameters, including pH (8.63-8.44), total dissolved solids (6360-4140) mg/L, conductivity (9.67-6.59) mS/cm, turbidity (123-59.6) NTU, iron ion concentration (0.08-0.0) mg/L, and total coliform count (398-247) cfu. The improvement in water quality is attributed to the presence of various chemical compounds in Aleppo pine leaves, including carbohydrates, proteins, and carboxylic acids, which were confirmed through GC-MS analysis. Studies have shown that these compounds possess the ability to adsorb compounds on their surfaces, thereby supporting the efficacy of aqueous extracts of Aleppo pine leaves as an alternative in water purification. Given the severe health implications associated with chemical coagulants, the use of Aleppo pine leaves as natural coagulants in water purification presents a cost-effective solution due to their year-round availability and independence from complex climatic conditions.

The study of the reasons for delays in the implementation of construction projects in the Western Mountain region.

Daw Omar Muhammad Al-Shaibani — 2024-12-04

The construction industry plays a vital role in developing infrastructure and enhancing the economies of countries. It includes projects such as roads, buildings, and health and educational institutions. To ensure the continuity and success of construction projects, this study was conducted to identify the reasons for delays in construction projects, pinpoint their main causes, and determine the reasons for stoppages and the potential consequences that may arise later on. A questionnaire was used as the research methodology, with 61 paper copies distributed to engineers and specialists in governmental institutions and private companies in the Western Mountain region. The questionnaires were collected and analyzed using statistical analysis software. The study found that owners, contractors, and consultants significantly contribute to delays due to several factors, including lack of experience, poor management, design changes, and delays in financial payments. Based on these results, the study proposed several recommendations, including attracting foreign investments, encouraging partnerships between contractors, enhancing educational programs in project management, and improving organizational mechanisms for contractors.

Evaluation of the parallel slope stability of Albieb Mountain Road -NW Libya.

Aboalgasem Alakhdar — 2024-12-04

Monitoring and studying the stability of parallel slopes along mountain roads is of paramount importance as it contributes to evaluating the stability of slopes and the materials comprising them. Unfortunately, Libya often lacks such studies, especially in the mountain roads of the Western Mountain area. This research cited the Albieb Mountain Road, which revealed a weak area characterized by signs of potential level collapse. The direction of collapse suggests that if a collapse were to occur, the dislodged materials would move towards the mountain road, potentially causing material and human damages or road closure. The general objective and main goal of this study were to evaluate and study the stability of the slope parallel to the road and analyze its stability using field and laboratory studies, along with utilizing the RocPlane software. The most significant results obtained indicated that the effective impact of cohesion, friction, and density values became apparent when inputting the data as variables into the software. The safety factor values decreased, registering the lowest decrease when the moisture content reached 34% with a safety factor of 0.5, along with a noticeable decrease in the values of resistance strength from 248.596 t/ft at 8.2% moisture content to 38.328 t/ft when the cohesion value reached 3.1. It is noteworthy that changes occurred in both the cohesive strength and weight force with a safety factor of 0.59 at 40 mm.