Sebha University Conference Proceedings

The Role of Financial Technology in Achieving Sustainable Development: A Case Study on Blockchain Implementation in the Financial Sector.

Buthina Elgatlawi — 2024-10-16

This study aims to understand how blockchain technology can contribute to achieving sustainable development goals in the financial sector. This includes analyzing the impact of blockchain on financial operations, identifying challenges and opportunities arising from its adoption, and evaluating its effect on transparency and accountability in the financial sector. A case study was also conducted to understand how sustainable development can be achieved through the adoption of this technology. The study followed a descriptive approach to answer the research problem. In the theoretical section, the concept of blockchain technology and its importance were clarified, along with the significance of sustainable development. In the practical section, an exploratory study method was used on a sample of commercial banks to illustrate the relationship between financial technology (blockchain technology) and sustainable development through the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and statistics used. The study included a sample of 48 employees working at Commercial Bank and Development Bank, and Al Wahda Bank, given the presence of their main offices in Benghazi city. Forty questionnaire forms were selected for statistical analysis, representing 83% of the total sample, which is a reasonable and acceptable percentage for conducting the study.

Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to the target sample. The SPSS program was used to enter and analyze the data and achieve the set objectives within the research framework. The researcher used appropriate statistical methods for data analysis, such as weighted arithmetic means, standard deviations, coefficients of variation, and percentage weights. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were measured using Cronbach's alpha to test the credibility and reliability of the responses. The researcher employed the five-point Likert scale to measure responses.

A A Comparative Study on Standard Datasets for Intrusion Detection in Internet of Things Networks

Fatimah A. Hasan — 2024-10-19

In recent years, the widespread use of Internet of Things (IoT) applications has contributed to the development of smart cities, but with the growth of smart city networks, the risk of cybersecurity threats and attacks increases. Despite the spread of many security mechanisms such as encryption technologies and firewalls, it is impossible to avoid various attacks on IoT networks. To address this problem, machine learning has been used as an effective tool to detect attacks. This is done by applying a number of supervised classification algorithms to a dataset. This study reviews some of the common datasets for detecting intrusions into networks in general and IoT networks in particular, the most important of which are: KDD Cup '99, Kyoto2006+, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, CIC-IDS 2017, CSE-CIC-IDS 2018. In addition to comparing them based on the number of features in each, the presence of recent attacks, the total number of records and the number of attack categories. At the end of this paper, the most important previous studies that dealt with the application of some machine learning algorithms on the data set under study were reviewed and the performance indicators were summarized, including accuracy and training time of the algorithms.

Practical Study Utilizing Reverse Engineering and Technical Feasibility Study for Manufacturing Products Locally Instead of Importing

Imad Mokhtar Mosrati — 2024-10-19

This work aims to conduct a practical study between the outcomes of reverse engineering techniques used in redesigning and manufacturing an initial model of the product intended to be manufactured, with linking its results in implementing technical feasibility studies to manufacture products locally instead of importing them. This includes estimating the type and number of manufacturing machines and equipment, calculating the required number of Technicians to operate these machines, and calculate the required raw material quantities, then calculate the total quantities of these variables for the total number of project products targeted to be produced according to the volume of demand for production estimated from previous marketing studies. A technical study was conducted to manufacture an agricultural plow as a case study in this research, and comprehensive studies were conducted on the total quantities of machines, workers number, and raw materials required implementing a line to produce and manufacture them locally. One of the advantages of replacing industries locally is saving foreign exchange for the cost of importing. After applying the reverse engineering technique, collecting their data, measuring their dimensions, preparing detailed drawings for them, manufacturing an initial model locally at the Advanced Center for Mechanical Technology. This study gave encouraging results about the possibility of manufacturing locally for some Products imported from abroad, and all requirements for establishing an integrated production line were calculated and estimated, according to the number targeted to be produced.

Studying the Effect of the Primary Coefficients (X, U) of the Logistic Chaotic Encryption Algorithm Equation on the Performance of X-Ray Medical Image Encryption

Hanan A. Al-Haidari — 2024-10-16

An image encryption method based on the chaotic logistic encryption algorithm was applied on X-ray medical image, using the histogram of the X-ray image and the plot showing the correlation between adjacent pixels to verify the encryption effect of this encryption algorithm. In order to reflect the effect of the algorithm in encrypting image information, use MATLAB to display the encryption. Subsequent image and histogram analysis can intuitively find that the chaotic logistic encryption algorithm has a better effect on encrypting image information, and the statistical data well hides the characteristics of the original image, which can effectively resist statistical attacks based on image pixel values. Image encryption effect and multiple image quality metrics are applied to verify the encryption effect of this encryption algorithm, this method was applied to medical images of the type of X-ray Through the application of a number of image quality standards, the extent of the influence of the parameter X.

The impact of agricultural investment on agricultural domestic product in Libya "A standard study during the period (1995-2015)"

Sabah Alsaadi — 2024-10-16

The study aimed to measure the impact of agricultural investment on Libya's agricultural domestic product during the period (1995-2015), where the importance of research is highlighted by its standard aspect, which seeks to determine the role of agricultural investment in supporting agricultural economic development. The study relied on a model to demonstrate the hypothesis that agricultural investment is a factor helping to achieve growth in agricultural domestic product, and a standard model was used using a programme (Eviews) to test the standard model, the results of the descriptive and metrological analysis have shown that the independent variable (Agricultural investment) has a positive impact on agricultural domestic product in short and long time, and the estimated statistical model is statistically moral ". The study recommended the need to activate the role of information and the use of modern technologies to promote the agricultural sector, and to facilitate the granting of agricultural loans and subsidies through the agricultural bank according to its various areas through the Libyan Agricultural Bank.

Studying the effect of local mixed Libyan grasses, Halfa and Esbat on the mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene rubber composites

Anour Shebani — 2024-10-16

In this study, the effect of using local mixed Libyan grasses (Halfa and Esbat) as a filler on the mechanical properties of SBR composites was investigated. This was performed by studying the effect of filler content (10, 20, 30 and 40 wt%) on mechanical properties of the composites including stress at break, elongation at break, impact strength and micro hardness. Also, a comparison study between using mixed and individual grasses has been attained. The stress at break was decreased with the addition of 10% mixed grasses, then increased as the mixed grasses content increased up to 30% and then decreased again. The incorporation of mixed grasses caused a significant decrease in the elongation at break. This decrease in the elongation at break was increased with increasing the grasses content. Impact strength was slightly increased with the addition of mixed grasses. Increasing the grasses content had no profound effect on the impact strength values of SBR composites. Hardness properties were slightly increased with the addition of mixed grasses. The optical image of SBR composite made 10% of mixed grasses content showed bad filler distribution, while composites with 20 and 30% grasses content had relatively better filler distribution. On the other hand, the image of composite with 40% mixed grasses content clearly showed the formation of filler aggregation. Mixed grasses appears to be relatively better than individual grasses (Halaf and Esbat) in order to attain composites with good strength properties. On the side, individual grasses seems to be better than mixed grasses in producing composites with relatively better impact strength and hardness properties. In both cases (individual or mixed grasses), the best content of grasses in order to provide good mechanical properties should be in the range of 20-30%. In conclusion, composites obtained from these grasses (individual or mixed)

The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Improving the Financial Performance of Banks (An applied study on commercial banks in the eastern region of Libya

Nabil Mohammed Berras Ali — 2024-10-16

This study aimed to test and determine the extent to which bank departments understand and realize the importance of the concept of information and communications technology and to know the extent of its use to improve the financial performance of Libyan commercial banks whose main management is located in the eastern region. To achieve the goal of the study, one main hypothesis and two sub-hypotheses were formulated, and the study population consisted of department managers. finance, employees in financial departments, and internal auditors in Libyan commercial banks. The study sample was limited to public commercial banks whose main departments are located in the eastern region. The study relied on the questionnaire method as a tool for collecting the necessary data, as a number of (55) questionnaire forms were distributed, of which (50) valid questionnaire forms were received for analysis. The study used both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to analyze the data, relying on the statistical program SPSS (23). The study found that there is an understanding and awareness among bank managements of the necessity to use ICT, given the time, effort, and cost savings these systems, programs, and applications offer in accomplishing required tasks and services with accuracy, reliability, transparency, and quality. ICT also contributes to increasing the effectiveness of the accounting system by preparing and presenting financial reports promptly and in a manner that ensures improved financial performance. The study recommended keeping pace with developments in the use of ICT tools and methods. The Central Bank of Libya and all regulatory bodies should monitor how commercial banks use ICT as an essential means to improve financial performance. It also recommended that the managements of commercial banks allocate budgets to keep up with the ongoing updates in ICT, stay updated with the latest infrastructure developments,

HPLC Method for Qualitative Analysis of Acetaminophen in Pharmaceutical Painkillers (Paracetamol, Panadol, and Saridon) in Tablet Formulations

Ali M. Nagi — 2024-10-16

This study aimed to verify the therapeutic components of the most common commercial pharmaceutical painkillers (Paracetamol, Panadol, and Saridon) and determine their degree of purity and thus protect the consumer using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. All ingredients were quantified in tablet formulations. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a slim C18 column by gradient elution using a mixture of acetonitrile and water (75:25 v/v) as the solvents. The flow rate was 1.0 mL min⁻¹ and the injection volume was 10 μL. Detection was performed at 280 nm using a photodiode array detector. The retention times (t_R) of acetaminophen were observed to be 0.55 min (paracetamol), 0.53 min (panadol), and 0.53 min (saridon). The findings revealed that the retention time (t_R) values for acetaminophen in all three medications were very similar. In addition, the HPLC chromatogram revealed that saridon contains two other active ingredients (saridon and propyphenazone). The t_R of propyphenazone was detected to be 0.80 min (saridon). The t_R of caffeine was remarked to be 1.20 min (saridon).

Evaluation of coliforms by MPN method as an indicator of water quality of Ain Ziana Lake.

Souad Salah Adem — 2024-10-16

This study aimed to reveal the extent of bacterial contamination in the water of the Libyan Ain Ziana Lake, located northeast of the city of Benghazi. Water samples were collected from four areas in the lake.Fecaland environmental contamination was revealed by microbial investigation, which showed coliform bacteria to be present in all four water bodies. The results for bacteriological analysis showed that the average number of coliform bacteria / 100 mlwas183 75.93and for number of fecal coliform bacteria/100 ml was 58.2524.07 and microbial number per colony forming unit in 1 ml was 1025 CFU/ 1mlso all the sample exceeds the acceptable limit.

Evaluation of the Effect of Zingiber Officinale Extract And Phoenix Dactylifera Pollen Suspension on Body Weight Changes and Reproductive Organs in Male Rats with Propylthiouracil-Induced Hypothyroidism.

Dalal Jibreel — 2024-10-19

Thyroid hormones have a role in the growth and development of all body tissues, which have significant effects on oxygen consumption and metabolic rate. In this study, aqueous extracts of both ginger (Zingiber officinale) and a suspension of palm pollen (Phoenix dactylifera) were evaluated on weight changes in rats with propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism. Thirty rats were used, their weights ranged between (190-220g). Divided into two experiments, the first experiment contained five groups, with 6 male rats for each group. The first group was the negative control (normal), which was not treated with anything, the second was the positive control (infected), which received PTU at a dose of 10mg/kg of body weight. The third group was dosed with the aqueous extract of ginger at a concentration of 24mg/kg with PTU, the fourth group was given orally the aqueous suspension of palm pollen at a dose of 120mg/kg of body weight with PTU, and the fifth group was dosed with both extracts (ginger and palm pollen) with PTU for four weeks. Body weights and reproductive organs were measured. The results showed a significant decrease (p value < 0.05) in the body weight in the infected group compared to the normal group, the body weight increased in groups (fourth and five) compared to the infected group and the third group. The weight of the reproductive organs increased in all groups treatment with extracts (third, fourth, and fifth) compared to the infected group.

Computer Modeling To Improve The Process of Manufacturing Ammonia From Natural Gas

Ezeddin Hasan Alshbuki — 2024-10-16

One of the most basic aspects of ammonia production is the optimal direction for manufacturing a final product called urea, which is a very important fertilizer that contains a high percentage of nitrogen, which in turn works to improve agricultural soil fertility. Many processes have been invented to achieve optimal ammonia production. Currently, ammonia is produced primarily through the Haber-Bosch process in which nitrogen and hydrogen react in the presence of an iron catalyst to form ammonia. Hydrogen is formed from natural gas and steam reaction at high temperatures and nitrogen is supplied from the air. Other gases (such as water vapour and carbon dioxide) are removed from the reactor inlet gas stream and nitrogen and hydrogen are passed over the iron catalyst at high temperature and pressure to form ammonia. In this work, a simulation of the ammonia manufacturing process was performed on Aspen Hysys 3.1 software. Using (294) kg mol/h for methane flow, (10253) kg mol/h for hydrogen gas, and (3418) kg mol/h for nitrogen gas, about (3663) kg mol/h of ammonia was produced, which is equivalent to (67248) kilogram/h at a concentration of (0.9883). It was also found that ammonia production increases with higher flow pressure in the feed line of the industrial unit. I also use the Peng-Robinson model to better adjust the thermodynamic equilibrium process.

Investigation on The Effect of Zizyphus Spina Christi on the Corrosion Inhibition of Medium Carbon Steel in 0.5M Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Taha Abdullah — 2024-10-16

This study aimed to examine the influence of an inhibitor, Ziziphus spina Christi (ZSC) leaves, on the corrosion of medium carbon steel in 0.5 M Hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution over the temperature at 30 and 60 °C by weight loss measurements. Chemical analysis has been used to determine the impact of adding hydrochloric acid on the corrosion and corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 30 and 60 °C in the absence and presence of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of (ZSC) plant. The efficiency of corrosion inhibition was assessed using a weight loss measurement method. The standard approach to measuring the weight loss of metal cylinders exposed to corrosive environments is called laboratory immersion corrosion testing. At both temperatures of 30 °C or 60 °C, it has been discovered that the effects of inhibitor concentration on the corrosion rate of low steel increase with inhibitor concentration. To find the most accurate isothermal equilibrium data set models for the employed inhibitor, experimental data was used. All of the employed adsorption isotherms, such as the Temkin and Langmuir isotherms, fit the results, although applying an alcohol extract inhibitor at 60 °C showed a slight improvement.

Classification of forest fire images using deep learning algorithms

Bader N. Awedat — 2024-10-16

Deep learning techniques have emerged as one of most significant and advanced technologies in field of artificial intelligence over past two decades. These techniques demonstrate exceptional capabilities in analyzing complex data, with one of promising applications being accurate and effective wildfire detection in images. Deep learning algorithms serve as powerful and efficient means for image classification, including classification of forest fire images. These algorithms constitute an important part of field of image analysis and computer vision, as they can handle high-dimensional data and recognize complex patterns in images. Deep learning algorithms are used in classifying forest fire images to accurately identify and classify fire-affected areas, enabling prompt and effective actions to mitigate fire damage and protect environment and properties. It is worth noting that deep learning algorithms require large amounts of training data to achieve optimal performance, in addition to advanced technology for efficiently processing and analyzing images. By using deep learning algorithms in classifying forest fire images, classification accuracy and identification of fire-affected areas can be improved, allowing for effective allocation of efforts and resources to deal with fires and reduce resulting damages. In this study, three deep learning algorithms were employed: Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN), VGG16 model, and MobileNet model, for detecting forest fires in images, with MobileNet achieving highest accuracy rate of 100%.

A Using the Fuzzy Centre Method to Solve Nth-order Linear Fuzzy Differential Equations with boundary and Initial Conditions

H. M. Egadi — 2024-10-16

This paper presents an analytical method for solving fuzzy linear differential equations with fuzzy initial conditions. The study investigates three distinct cases based on the signs of the coefficients in the fuzzy differential equations. The proposed method relies on transforming the fuzzy differential equation into an ordinary differential equation using the Fuzzy Centre Method (FCM). Subsequently, the ordinary differential equation is solved using a standard method. Finally, the solution is rewritten using the fuzzy membership function μ(x) to obtain the solution of the fuzzy linear differential equation. The method is illustrated through illustrative examples.

Investigation on Heat Treated Nickel-Phosphorus (Ni-P) Coating Deposited on the Low Alloy Steel Surface

Mohammed Al-Kilani Almadani — 2024-10-16

In the present study, Ni-P composite coating layer has been produced under direct plating condition. The voltage during the experiments has been measured, the results showed that voltage increases with increasing the experiment time. The average applied currents were 0.05 A, 0.08 A and 0.12 A. The employed current densities led to Ni-P rich deposition in all experiments but the average coating thickness was increases with increasing the applied current density. The increasing of electroplating path temperature can also causes increasing in the thickness of Ni-P deposition layer. The best obtained hardness result was at current density of 0.08 A as 285.7 HV. The low alloy steel samples coated by Ni-P deposition layer were heat treated at 400 °C for 1hr causing increasing in microhardness from 270 to about 443.8 HV. XRD analysis showed that Ni-P deposits with 8wt.% are considered as amorphous phase and after heat treatment it was crystallized at steady phases of Ni and Ni₃P deposits.

Estimating the productivity index for some libyan wells using prosper and kappa saphir softwear

Haiat k. Alhaj — 2024-10-16

Pressure buildup tests are one of the most common types of transient tests. In these tests, the well is produced at a constant rate for an extended period to achieve a stable pressure distribution, and then it is shut-in. Proper well shut-in is crucial as incorrect procedures can lead to inaccurate calculations. This study aims to interpret the pressure transient behavior in vertical wells that underwent pressure buildup tests for the bu-attifel field. The main objectives of the study involves analyzing the pressure buildup tests of three wells using KAPPA SOFTWARE, to estimate the permeability and skin factor for each well. Subsequently, the productivity index of each well is estimated using PROSPER SOFTWARE. Based on the derived parameters from the pressure buildup tests, the obtained results are compared with new production test data. Following that, a sensitivity analysis is performed for permeability and skin factor to diagnose the well condition and enhance productivity. We have obtained the results of the well-test analysis, and they are as follows: (A1=12.75 md), (A13=10 md), (A57=176 md). For permeability with positive skin factor values and the reservoir pressure, the results are: (5569 psi, 6232 psi, 6170 psi). Based upon the outcome, the productivity index for the wells was improved after comparing it with the new production test data. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the factors influencing the productivity index of the wells.

Effect of Tannato Iron (II) and Ascorbato Tannato Iron (II) on Anemic Albino Male Rats

Rahma Al-Hammali — 2024-11-05

The aim of this study was to determine effects of Tannato iron (II) and Ascorbato tannato iron (II) on Anemic albino male rats. Anemia was induced by repeated extraction of about 0.6 mL blood daily from caudal vein within 6 consecutive days. Rats with Hemoglobin levels lower than 12g/dL were considered anemic. Twenty of albino male rats that were divided into four groups of 5 rats, including the normal control group, the anemic control group, the anemic group received Tannato iron (II), and the anemic group received Ascorbato tannato iron (II) at dosage 10mg/Kg body weight daily for 30 days. At the end of the study rats were anesthetized and blood was collected to determine complete blood count test, iron metabolism parameters, liver and kidney functions tests, and determine liver, kidney and spleen weight ratio to body weight. The results were shown that the treatment with tested compounds caused improve in anemia state by increase in RBCs, HGB HCT and iron levels. While there were a decrease in TIBC levels although decrease in ferritin levels. And results of liver and kidney function were within normal levels except slight increase in urea and decrease in direct bilirubin. And shown a decrease in liver weight, an increase in kidney weight, and no effects on spleen weight ratio to body weight. And these results indicate that there were no toxic effects of tested iron compounds. And Tannato iron (II) compound had better effects of Ascorbato tannato iron (II) compound.

The Influence of Various Currents and Voltages on Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis Method

Namah Saleh — 2024-10-30

There are different ways of minimizing the emission of CO₂ resulting from different industrial based of using fossil fuel. Nowadays, the alternative methods for producing energy also are developed. One ways is to use hydrogen as a source of electricity which is generated from mixing hydrogen with oxygen via the electrochemical process. The current work is dealing with the factors that affect the amount of hydrogen production, such as voltage and amperage Two different electrolytes were employed in this work (NaOH & KOH) to evaluate the H₂ production levels. Two ways used for characterizing the stability of electro-catalysts to produce hydrogen via the electrolysis. One is the relationship (I–t curve) which measures the current variation with time under a fixed potential. In this way, the results showed that the changes in H₂ production values at different currents in both NaOH and KOH was observed. The changes may attribute to the conductivity of the electrolysis. The other ways for characterizing hydrogen production via the electrolysis is applied the relationship (E–t curve) to measure the potential change with time at a fixed current. Here, the rate of hydrogen production decreased as voltage increased in both electrolyte mediums. This result explained in terms of overvoltage created over the electrode surface.

The role and Importance of Geographic Information Systems in the Field of Transportation(Review paper)

Alaa Al-Rahman Ali Al-Fatlawia — 2024-11-05

Roads are among the most critical infrastructures in our lives, upon which we rely heavily for the transportation of goods and commuting. They are the primary means of transportation within and outside cities, thus they must be safe, intact, and free from problems and defects. Consequently, it is essential to adhere to maintenance schedules, ongoing development, and constant planning to ensure that these roads are included in perpetual development and improvement projects. This will ensure a robust transportation system system that fosters prosperity and progress within nations.

With the proven importance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their pervasive influence across various fields, particularly in the realm of roads, GIS has been instrumental in solving problems, analyzing data, and facilitating the organization and storage of data efficiently. Its ability to store vast amount of data in a structured and coordinated manner underscores its significance. Therefore, this study aims to review previous research concerning the role of GIS in road engineering, to understand its importance and application in this field, and to compile ideas by presenting a collection of prior studies, thereby elucidating the significant and effective role of GIS.

The effect of microwave irradiation and shock cooling on rock properties- A review

Abourawi Alwaar — 2024-11-05

Understanding rock properties and rock behavior under varying conditions is essential for predicting and managing rock behavior across different engineering applications. This study focuses on how rock properties respond to temperature variations, specifically through Microwave Irradiation (MI) and Shock Cooling (SC), and the implications of these changes for civil engineering, oil and gas drilling, and mining. In civil engineering, such knowledge is vital for designing stable and durable foundations. In drilling and excavation, altering rock properties to weaken rocks can enhance drilling efficiency, increase the Drilling Rate of Penetration (ROP), and reduce operational costs. The objective of this review is to consolidate research findings on the impact of MI and SC on rock properties, such as mechanical strength and mineral composition. By assessing these studies, the review aims to identify the potential benefits of using MI and SC to improve drilling performance, extend the lifespan of drill bits, and minimize drilling expenses. The review also explores the mechanisms through which these temperature-induced treatments create micro-fractures that facilitate easier drilling. In conclusion, the compiled research demonstrates that both MI and SC can significantly alter rock properties, offering practical applications in drilling and excavation. These techniques can effectively reduce rock strength, leading to improved ROP and cost savings in drilling operations. The insights provided by this review could guide future developments in engineering practices, particularly in enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of drilling activities.

The role of the information specialist in the digital environment of Algerian university libraries: The central library of Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou is a model

Karima Amrouche — 2024-11-05

The field of libraries and information has witnessed amazing technical developments that have affected all office jobs and activities. Perhaps the changes brought about by the Corona pandemic and the accompanying comprehensive closure of libraries and information centers were a stronger motivation to change the role of the information specialist in light of the digital environment and made it mandatory for him to have cognitive skills to control technologies. The services of information institutions have also turned into remote information services in order to continue work outside the workplace. This study attempts to identify the digital information services provided at the central library of Mouloud Mammeri University in the state of Tizi Ouzou in order to identify the reality of providing these services and the extent of the competence of the information specialist in presenting them for the purpose of evaluating them. These services and identifying the gaps and shortcomings in order to correct them and show the strengths to enhance them. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical method was used to study the reality of the situation in the central university library under study. Observation and interviews were also relied upon. Finally, the results of the study proved that the library under study is progressing. Moving forward towards digital transformation, a set of suggestions have been presented that would improve the level of information services provided, achieve the satisfaction of the audience who benefit from them, and meet their current and future desires.

Kinetic, Isotherm Studies of the Adsorption of the Congo Red Dye by Posidonia Spheroids Plants Sea Balls (PSPSB).

Ragwan M. Ragwan — 2024-11-04

Please This research investigates the kinetics and isotherms of Congo red dye adsorption using low-cost Posidonia spherical plant sea Balls (PSPSB), without any chemical or physical treatment. The study evaluated some physical properties such as moisture content, and solubility. Moreover, the effect parameters, including pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and initial dye concentration, were examined for their effects on the adsorption process. The optimal pH for adsorption was found to be 3. The percent removal(%) of the dye increased with the increasing adsorbent doses and initial dye concentrations until reaching the equilibrium state. The contact time to equilibrium was 20 minutes, and the adsorption capacity maximum reached 49.96 mg/g. Kinetic reaction results indicated the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order reaction model more fit than a first-order model. Isotherm analyses showed the adsorption process fit with Freundlich isotherm, suggesting that the adsorption process is multi-layered and occurs on a heterogeneous surface. The findings confirm that PSPSB are adsorbents effective for removing various pollutants, including dyes and heavy metals, from aquatic environments.

Improving Vehicle Identification Number Detection Accuracy with YOLOv5 and Histogram Equalization

Hasan Alkhadafe — 2024-11-04

This study examines the effectiveness of different image preprocessing techniques for object detection models, using a dataset of VIN images from Roboflow. The dataset was segmented into training, validation, and testing subsets, encompassing a range of conditions such as noise, rain, varying lighting, and reflections. Model performance was evaluated through metrics including precision, recall, average precision (AP), mean average precision (mAP), error rate reduction, and frames per second (FPS).The baseline model, trained on the original dataset, achieved a precision of 97.9% and a recall of 95.7%, with an mAP@0.5 of 99.1% but a lower mAP@0.5:0.95 of 62.3%. Applying Histogram Equalization (HE) resulted in improved recall but reduced precision, with mAP@0.5:0.95 values remaining comparable to the original dataset. The HE+RGB preprocessing showed minor performance changes, with inconsistent improvements in recall and precision. Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) notably improved model performance, reaching a precision of 98.8% and recall of 99.6%, with mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95 values of 74.3%, 77.0% respectively. The CLAHE preprocessing technique outperformed all others, achieving the highest precision (99.4%), recall (98.6%), and mAP@0.5:0.95 (75.2% in training, 77.9% in validation, and 75.2% in testing), demonstrating the best balance of accuracy and generalization with minimal misclassifications. Overall, CLAHE emerged as the most effective preprocessing method, offering superior performance across all evaluation metrics.

A Review: Comparative Analysis of Computer Vision Techniques for Defect Detection and Categorization in Bananas and Apples

Zahow Muftah Khamees — 2024-11-03

Detection and classification of these defects in bananas and apples using computer vision techniques are crucial for quality control, sorting processes, and ensuring consumer satisfaction. By accurately identifying and categorizing these defects, producers and retailers can take appropriate measures to minimize waste, maintain product quality, and enhance the overall marketability of fruits. This review offers a comprehensive summary of recent studies that have utilized computer vision techniques for the identification and categorization of defects in bananas and apples. It specifically investigates the distinctions between the two fruits in terms of the outcomes obtained from employing similar computer vision methods. The reviewed research highlights the effectiveness of various techniques, such as support vector machines, deep learning methods, and machine learning algorithms, in accurately detecting defects in both bananas and apples. By analyzing the results obtained from these techniques, the review aims to uncover any contrasting patterns or variations between the two fruits. Ultimately, this research provides valuable insights into the unique characteristics and challenges associated with defect detection in bananas and apples using computer vision methods.

Simulation of Vertical Waterflooding In a Hawaz Reservoir Using Eclipse for Reservoir Pressure Maintenance

Madi Naser — 2024-11-03

Water injection has proven to be one of the most successful, efficient and cost-effective reservoir management strategies. By reinjecting treated and filtered water into tanks, this approach can help maintain tank pressure, increase hydrocarbon production, and reduce environmental impact. The goal of this project is to create a water injection model using Eclipse tank simulation software to better understand water injection methods to maintain tank pressure. A basic reservoir model is utilized in this investigation. The simulation was performed about 52 years using ECLIPSE Reservoir simulator. In all cases, result shows that oil production with water injection is higher compared with the base case. With this, it would be preferred to apply waterflooding for oil recovery in depleted reservoirs to the use of primary methods. It is also observed that water breakthrough is earlier and water production increases gently with water injection rates. Sensitivity on the injection rate using the 3D model showed that the injection rate has impact on the process. The pressure increases with high injection water rate in all cases. Despite higher reservoir pressure and early in water breakthrough, water flooding accounts for less oil recovery due to rapid water production. Generally, based on the results and discussions, it can be concluded that the water injection option can be used to increase the reservoir pressure to a good extent.

Predicting Chronic Kidney Disease Using Filter and Wrapper Feature Selection Methods with Machine Learning Techniques

Mohammed Shantal — 2024-11-03

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over months or years. Predicting this disease is a crucial issue in the medical field. Therefore, an automated tool utilizing Machine Learning (ML) techniques to assess a patient's kidney condition would be beneficial for doctors in predicting CKD and improving treatment. In the ML process, the preprocessing stage is a vital step that enhances data quality. Feature selection, a key preprocessing method, removes irrelevant or redundant features, thereby simplifying the model and reducing the number of features. This research explores the potential of various feature selection methods. The feature selection methods are categorized into filter methods (f_classif, chi²) and wrapper methods (Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation RFECV) using Random Forest classifier and Support Vector Machine. The accuracy of classifiers was used to evaluate the performance of the full dataset compared to subsets created using feature selection (FS). The results show that the RFECV+SVM feature selection method outperforms others, yielding the best performance by improving accuracy in 5 out of 6 classifiers.

Effect of pH and Temperature on Copper ions Adsorption from Aqueous solutions into Iron Slag

Salem M. Alburki — 2024-10-29

Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most important environmental problems. Heavy metal pollution has properties that accumulate in nature and cannot be degraded. The aim of this work is to study the effect of pH and temperature on the effectiveness of iron slag in removing copper ions from aqueous solutions. The results indicated that the best removal of copper ions was at temperature (25 °C), weight of the adsorbent (3.5 g), and pH (5). The best removal percentage was (99.55 %) at the initial concentration of the solution. From these results iron slage can be used as reliable remover of copper ions from wastewater and industrial wastewater

The impact of information technology on supply chain management in the Sudanese industrial Case study of Saeed Food Factory

Inaam Moustafa Gadeen Elmoustafa — 2024-10-29

The study aimed to identify the impact of information technology dimensions (hardware, software, communication networks, and databases) on supply chain management in the Sudanese industrial sector. The study employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and selected a purposive sample of managers and department heads at Saeed Food Factory, totalling 80 individuals. Questionnaires were distributed to the sample members, and 78 were retrieved, yielding a response rate of 97.5%. The questionnaire was used as the primary data collection tool, and multiple regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that the level of information technology dimensions is high, suggesting a significant focus on these dimensions within Saeed Food Factory, contributing to overall performance improvement. The respondents' perceptions of supply chain management were also high. There was a statistically significant impact of the combined information technology dimensions on supply chain management. The study recommended that the factory increase its focus on the supply chain, which starts from the supplier to the customer, and educate employees and managers, particularly on transitioning from materials management to supply chain management. Additionally, it emphasized the necessity of leveraging the capabilities provided by information technology in managing the factory's supply chain.

Determination and Comparative Analysis of Natural Radioactivity Levels Using Gamma Spectrometry in Shore Sediment Samples from the East Coast, Libya

Abraheem M. S. Haydar — 2024-10-21

The occurrence of natural radioactivity in the environment is attributable to the primordial and cosmogonist nuclides in the earth’s crust where the exposure associated with this natural radioactivity relies principally on the geological and geographical environments. In this paper, Natural-radionuclide levels ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K were determined and investigated in seashore sediment samples collected from an area on the Eastern Coast of Libya (Al Jabal Al Akhdar region). The goal of this research is to evaluate radionuclide's concentrations and their distribution in this region. The measurement of natural radioactivity concentrations in the sediment samples was performed employing gamma-ray spectrometry techniques using a pure germanium detector (HPGe). The extracted values of the activities for²³⁸U,²²⁶Ra,²³²Th, and⁴⁰K were in the range of values obtained in similar studies in other countries and are within the average worldwide values. The calculated average values of radioactivity concentrations for ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K were 7.75, 8.53, 3.16 and 13.26 Bq/kg, respectively. The descriptive statistical features of radioactive levels in sediment samples are also presented. Due to the limited similar studies in the study area, the obtained results could assist in setting up a reference line of radiometric records for radioprotection purposes and environmental monitoring schemes in the study area and in Libya in general.

The Impact of Internal Auditor's Creative Abilities on the Quality of ESG Sustainability Reports in Industrial Companies A Field Study on a Sample of Companies in the Cement Industry Sector in Sudan

Menas Ibrahim Al-Taher Ibrahim — 2024-10-21

This study aimed to identify the impact of the internal auditor's creative abilities, including personal capabilities, idea generation, and intellectual flexibility, on the quality of ESG sustainability reports in industrial companies. The study employed a descriptive-analytical method and included the staff of internal audit departments in cement companies (Salam, Takamul, Nile, EL-Shemal, Barbar) in Sudan, totaling 80 individuals. The sample was selected using a comprehensive survey method, and a questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. The study concluded that the dimensions of the internal auditor's creative abilities enjoy a high level of approval among respondents, with significant attention to the quality of ESG sustainability reports, achieving a relative importance of 78.85%. Additionally, there was a statistically significant impact of the internal auditor's creative abilities on the quality of ESG sustainability reports in Sudanese companies. The study recommended enhancing training programs focusing on developing the intellectual flexibility of internal auditors and improving their personal capabilities to enhance overall performance. It also suggested improving the timing of ESG report issuance, ensuring they contain relevant and unbiased information with a high degree of clarity to boost user confidence and comprehension. Furthermore, the study emphasized the need to enhance and develop the creative abilities of internal auditors through advanced training programs and workshops focusing on creativity and innovation, contributing to the improvement of ESG report quality.

Numerical Implementation of Gradient Enhanced Damage Model for Quasi-Brittle Materials.

Ibrahim Altarhouni — 2024-10-20

Different numerical models have been discussed in recent years to analyze the damage evolution in concrete structures. In this paper, a gradient-enhanced damage model formulation, which is applied to single edge-notched and L-shaped specimens, is explained. A new formulation of the finite element equations is derived, with attention to C⁰-continuity requirements. This paper focuses on the derivation of the governing equations as well as the implementation of the model with different mesh discretization and discuss the results of the two examples. The difference between non-local damage mechanics and gradient enhanced damage model is also discussed. The exponential softening evolution law is used to define the damage variable and Mazars model of local equivalent strain is applied to simulate the behavior of the problems.

Activity of Plant Extracts from Clove, Thyme, and Turmeric Against Streptococcus spp Bacteria Causing Oral and Gum Diseases

Sara Hassan — 2024-10-20

In recent decades, the problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has increased, prompting researchers to seek effective natural alternatives. This study aims to evaluate the effects of plant extracts from clove (Syzygium aromaticum), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Streptococcus bacteria causing oral and gum diseases. A total of 60 bacterial swabs were collected from patients with dental caries and gingivitis and cultured on blood agar. After identifying the bacterial species using the API 20 Strep system, plant extracts were prepared using ethanol and water.

The results showed that alcoholic extracts were generally more effective than aqueous extracts. The clove alcohol extract exhibited the highest efficacy against Streptococcus salivarius with an average inhibition zone of 21 mm, followed by thyme alcohol extract with an average of 17 mm, and turmeric alcohol extract with an average of 16 mm. These findings indicate that using alcohol as a solvent increases the effectiveness of plant extracts, as alcohol can extract biologically active compounds at higher concentrations. Aqueous extracts were less effective, with thyme water extract showing the lowest efficacy with an average inhibition zone of 12 mm.

Detection of the presence of residual antibiotics commonly used in fresh cow's milk produced in some regions of North Western of Libya.

Rabia ِAwina — 2024-10-27

This study was conducted at the Food and Drug Control Center, Al-Falah Branch / Tripoli, to investigate the presence in milk of residual antibiotics commonly used in local dairy farms. The study took a period from May to August (2021). in which a hundred fresh cow’s milk samples were randomly collected from five different regions Libya (Al-Zawiya - Ghout Al-Rumman - Al-Najilah - Tajoura - Al-Sawani) at the rate of twenty samples per region. Knowing that the cows were fed concentrate (cow concentrate) and the prevailing natural pastures in their regions. The high-performance liquid chromatography device examined the milk samples with a UV detector and an isocratic method. The samples were subjected to solid phase extraction before analysis and a mobile phase consisting of methanol, acetonitrile, oxalic acid 0.01 mol/L (5%, 18%, 77%), with a flow rate of (0.7 ml/min). The results of the study were analyzed based on the statistical package program for social sciences (SPSS Statistics 20) and using the percentage (the number of samples containing antibiotic residue was calculated against the total number of samples examined as a percentage), and the Student t-test (T) to compare the averages for positive samples and the permissible limit for tetracycline internationally. The results showed that 4 (4%) out of 100 milk samples contained residues of the antibiotic (chlortetracycline), with an average total concentration of 68.85 ± 9.8 µg/L. 2 (50%) positive were samples from Al-Zawiya area and 2 (50%) positive were samples from Ghut Al-Rumman area

Digital Transformation and its Organizational Impact on the Vocational Training sector in Algeria - a case study: According to the Perspective of Employees in Training Institutions

Yakou Saouli — 2024-10-27

Algeria seeks to achieve great progress in the field of digitization, and has reached advanced levels in many sectors in terms of generalizing digital services and developing a secure database, to bring the administration closer to the citizen and ensure the quality of services. The study assumed the existence of a statistically significant relationship between digital transformation and the vocational training sector in Algeria The study used the descriptive analytical approach, and the study population consisted of directors of vocational training institutes and centers Heads of departments, educational advisors, and vocational training professors. The study used a random sample, and (110) questionnaires were distributed via the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The study reached several results, including: There is a statistically significant relationship between digital transformation and the organization of the vocational training sector in Algeria, as digital transformation has made the vocational training sector rise to the degree of modernity through the use of technology in providing services. . Digital transformation has made translation of regulatory information easy to understand and confusion-free. complication. Digital transformation contributed to the neutrality of training data and raised the quality of services provided to citizens. The study recommended increasing attention to digital transformation in covering all training services electronically. It also recommended increasing attention to training, improving the level and qualifying human cadres to keep pace with rapid technological developments.

The Impact of Sustainable Development on Community Welfare and Quality of Life: An Exploratory Study of the Views of a Sample of Students at the College of Administration and Economics - Mosul University

Ziad Khaleel Ibrahim — 2024-11-03

The research explores the impact of sustainable development dimensions (economic, environmental, and social) on achieving community well-being and quality of life. Based on the main research question, which addresses the research problem: "To what extent do the dimensions of sustainable development contribute to the well-being of the community and quality of life among students at the College of Administration and Economics at the University of Mosul?" In response to this question, a questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of (292) students from the mentioned college. Three hypotheses were formulated to determine the nature of the correlation and impact between the main research variables. According to these hypotheses, a hypothetical model for the research was constructed. By using a correlational methodology for data collection and analysis with statistical methods (correlation coefficient, regression, mean, standard deviation) through the (SPSS V-26) program, the results showed a positive and significant correlation between sustainable development and community well-being and quality of life, at both the aggregate and partial levels. Additionally, the college council members effectively apply the dimensions of sustainable development, as the research indicates a strong positive response from students toward sustainable development initiatives. This highlights the importance of incorporating sustainable development concepts into educational and awareness programs for youth. The economic dimension appeared to be the most important and influential on the dependent variable. Based on the current results, increasing efforts to promote sustainable development in the community, particularly among youth and students, is recommended to enhance their well-being and quality of life and contribute to building a more sustainable society in the long term.

A study on the aspects of using the website to guide secondary school students in choosing a university

Kamal Mohamed Elsanoussi — 2024-11-03

This study aims to design a website that provides guidelines and tests for students to obtain appropriate guidance for them in applying to the university stage. This study was conducted in secondary schools in the Traghen region during the academic year (2023). The study sample consisted of 60 students, and the research was followed in this study The quasi-experimental and descriptive analytical approaches were designed, where a website was designed that provides directions and consultations to students, and the research tools were the academic and cognitive achievement test and the skill performance test for the students, and the questionnaire card was designed as a tool for studying and using the Statistical Packages Program (S.P.S.S) to analyses the data to know the extent of their acceptance. In using these guidance sites that provide guidance to students in university majors, then in this stage, we analyses and determine the requirements that are used in building the site. A guidance website has been designed for high school students, which presents a set of questions according to the specialization that I studied in the high school stage and based on the results of the stage. High school grades, average grades obtained in previous academic courses, and the student’s academic and cognitive achievement Guidance and suggestions are given regarding the specialization appropriate to him and appropriate to his academic ability through the electronic guide on the website, and the results are indicated with statistically significant differences at the level of significance (a = 0.05) In the early test for choosing a university major, the study concluded by highlighting the most important recommendations and proposals through which the desired benefit can be achieved from using the electronic website in obtaining consultations and advice in the stage of directing students to

International Experiences in the Field of Using the Application of Blockchain Technology in the Banking Sector

Boukhari Fatna Hanane Asynat — 2024-10-16

Our study aimed to find out the reality of the use and application of block chain technology in the global and Arab banking sectors, and to measure the extent of confidence and acceptance of banks and their customers within the global environment in general and the Arab environment in particular, to adopt block chain technology in the banking field, and to know its impact on developing platforms Digital and banking performance enhancement, In our research paper, we relied on the descriptive analytical approach, as we based the descriptive approach through the theoretical literature of block chain technology, banking performance, and performance enhancement, As for the analytical approach, we dealt with the reality of adopting block chain technology in some global and Arab banking systems as a model based on basic information and data for some international and Arab banks as a model in light of information and communication technologies, And in light of the experiences of some international and Arab banks that have adopted this technology, Our study has found that block chain technology represents the ideal solution in developing and improving banking services provided to customers in terms of security, transparency, speed, operational cost reduction and decentralization, Improving capital, and enhancing the operational efficiency of banks, And it has a positive impact on achieving sustainability and continuity and keeping banks in competition with the developments of international banks as a result of increasing profits and ease of entry to local and international markets and saving time and effort, And the use of block chain technology in banks has a positive impact on evaluating financial performance and achieving a competitive advantage to achieve the bank’s goals of raising its profits. And reduce manual procedures and contribute to meeting the needs of the financial and banking sector by eliminating intermediaries.

Evaluating the effect of local aggregate type and size on the water permeability of plain concrete

Nurdeen Mohamed Altwair — 2024-10-16

Libya, being rich in Limestone and basalt rocks, has substantial reserves estimated at several billion tonnes according to recent geological investigations. Therefore, studying the transport properties of these aggregates when used as coarse aggregates in concrete production is of paramount importance. This study examines the influence of local aggregate source and size on the water permeability resistance of 30 MPa plain strength concrete. Nine concrete mixes were prepared, incorporating three types of coarse aggregates: basalt, white limestone, and brown limestone, with sizes of 10 mm, 14 mm, and 20 mm. The concrete specimens were subjected to water penetration testing in accordance with the British standard (BS EN 12390-8:2019). The results reveal that, at a constant aggregate size, concrete samples containing basalt aggregate exhibited the lowest water penetration depth, followed by those with limestone aggregates. It was observed that the water penetration depth decreased significantly when smaller aggregate sizes were used. Correspondingly, the permeability coefficient also decreased as the aggregate size in the concrete mix was reduced. The concrete mixes with basalt aggregates demonstrated the lowest permeability coefficients across all the studied aggregate sizes, followed by the white limestone aggregates. This indicates that the basalt aggregates were more effective in limiting water penetration due to their lower porosity, less void content, and lack of chemical reactivity at the aggregate-paste interface.

Technological Innovations for Physical and Chemical Remediation of Oil-contaminated Water and Soil: A Review (Part-I)

Mohammed Alsakit — 2024-10-16

The petroleum industry produces significant amounts of oily wastewater, either through the process of oil production named associated water, through the process of oil refinery, or because of pipeline leakage through oil transportation. Environmentally permissible oily wastewater treatment is a major problem for the petroleum industry. Nowadays, the focus has been on the awareness of the treatment methods of oily wastewater. Therefore, oil-water separation has become a recent obstacle, and it must be explored and resolved by petroleum industries to meet set standards and protect the environment. However, during the last decades of growing urbanization and industrialization worldwide, the consumption of oils and their derivatives has significantly expanded. Due to some factors such as poor management, incomplete combustion, pipeline leakage, and other incidental circumstances, petroleum leaks into water and soil and are nearly unavoidable during the process of petroleum extraction, transportation, processing, and utilization. Since the relative toxicity of petroleum and its products, petroleum pollutants in water and soil can seriously harm the local ecosystem and human health. Therefore, efficient water and soil remediation technologies solutions for oil-contaminated sites are essential for environmental safety and sustainable growth. The current review of part-I focuses on the physical and chemical remediation technologies of oil-contaminated water.

Effect of adding rosemary powder (Ros marinus oficinalis) on some blood chemistries and liver function in the serum of ROSS breed meat chickens.

Hamad Al-Naas Mohammed — 2024-10-16

This study was conducted in one of the farms located south of the city of Sirte in May 2023, and 45 14-day-old Ross breed meat chicks were used in the study, which were randomly distributed in three groups and each group was divided into three replicates and each replicate had 5 birds, and the treatments were as follows: The control treatment (witness 0%) is a standard leech, the second treatment is a standard leech supplemented with rosemary powder (0.3 g/kg feed), the third treatment is a standard leech supplemented with rosemary powder (0.6 g/kg feed), the experiment continued until the birds reached the age of 45 days and blood samples were taken, and the experiment included the evaluation of the following characteristics: The results of the study indicated that there was a significant difference (P˂0.05) in the level of blood glucose in the first treatment added (0.3 rosemary powder), compared to the control treatment (witness 0%) and the second treatment (0.6 rosemary powder), and a significant difference (P>0.05) in GOT for the treatment (witness 0%) compared to the rest of the treatments. There was also a significant difference (P>0.05) in ALK in the second treatment (0.6 rosemary powder) compared with the treatment (0% witness) and the first treatment added (0.3 rosemary powder), while there were no changes in mean blood lipids, total cholesterol, and triglycerides and there was no significant effect (P>0.05) on the level of liver function of the subjects. 05) For the level of liver function for the averages of enzymes, GPT, total protein, and albumin globulin, there was a clear and significant improvement in liver enzymes by lowering liver enzymes, which confirms the role of the plant in protecting the liver due to the presence of flavonoids.

Students’ Awareness and Behavior towards E-Waste Management: A Study in Tobruk

Hana Rizk Hafalish Atea — 2024-11-03

Libya is expanding in all sectors, which presents a significant difficulty when it comes to managing garbage, particularly e-waste. One of the most important strategies for reducing the production of e-waste is e-waste management. This necessitates taking the appropriate steps to change public awareness and disposal behaviour. This study was done among Tobruk Institute students. Surveys were given to 235 students who were registered for classes in April of the 2021 academic year. It recommends assessing students' attitudes and behaviours regarding e-waste management. In addition, the research aims to find out why devices need to be replaced as well as how students currently dispose of their electronic devices. This study used the analytical-descriptive approach by using (SPSS). The findings of this study show that only 55.9% of students have some awareness about e-waste. At the same time, the analysis of the students' behaviour indicates that, in general, they do not dispose of their electronic waste in an appropriate and environmentally friendly manner. This suggests that despite having some awareness about e-waste, the students' actual behaviour and practices when it comes to managing their own e-waste are lacking. The results have shown that the development of technology is the main reason behind replacing electronic products (54%). More than 80% of students replace their mobile phones within a period of less than two years. Keeping unused electronic products (PCs and laptops) at home was the most common method of discarding e-waste by students, and throwing mobile phones in the trash along with other waste was the second method.

The Impact of Innovative Leadership in Achieving Sustainable Environmental Development A Field Study on Berber Cement Factory – Sudan

Azza Mustafa Faragalla Alawad — 2024-10-27

The study aimed to investigate the impact of innovative leadership in achieving sustainable environmental development. The study employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and selected a sample of 63 employees from Berber Cement Factory. A questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The study concluded that the level of innovative leadership and its dimensions was high, with a mean score of 3.94. There was a statistically significant impact of innovative leadership on sustainable environmental development in Berber Cement Factory, with an interpretation coefficient of 66.9%. The study recommended continuing to enhance a supportive work environment for innovation by providing more resources and support for employees to develop their innovative ideas and projects that contribute to environmental sustainability. It also emphasized the necessity of providing training and development programs for leaders in the company to enhance their innovative skills and guide them towards adopting sustainable environmental practices.

A Comparative Study of Water and Gas Injection Simulation in Libyan X Field Using Eclipse Software

Madi Abdullah Naser — 2024-10-19

The main goal of this study (which the comprehensive reservoir study for Libyan X Field plan of development) is to predict future performance of a reservoir and find ways and means of optimizing the recovery of some of the hydrocarbon under various operating conditions. The simulator results show the reservoir pressure history curve is matching to the stimulation curve, this gives a good indication of the input data that has been entered to the model. The driving mechanism for all those reservoirs it comes from three natural forces, which are fluid expansion, PV compressibility, and water influx. The best method to choose as secondary recovery for this oil field is water and gas Injection. Water and gas Injection have the largest Total Field Recovery. Water and gas Injection have the highest Reservoir Pressure at the end of the project. The highest percentage of oil recovery was when the water and gas were injected and it reached 58%, then when the water was injected and it reached 55%, and then when the gas was actually injected and it reached 54%. The field pressure rise was greater when water and gas were injected, and the pressure reached 792 psi, while it was less when only water was injected, reaching 435.5 psi, and when only gas was injected, it reached 412.9 psi. Finally, central objective of this master thesis with the help of reservoir simulation fulfilled to produce future prediction that will lead to optimize reservoir performance which meant reservoir developed in the manner that brings utmost benefit to the commercial business.

The Impact of Auditors' Tacit Knowledge on Electronic Banking Operations Risk Management A Field Study on Sudanese Banks

Momen Babiker Mohammed Saeed — 2024-11-03

This study aimed to investigate the impact of auditors' tacit knowledge dimensions (skill, experience, thinking) on electronic banking operations risk management. The descriptive-analytical method was employed, and a simple random sample of Sudanese banks (Faisal, Khartoum, Omdurman National) was chosen as the study sample, consisting of 70 respondents. A questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The results indicated a significant interest in electronic operations risk management in Sudanese banks. There was a statistically significant impact of the combined dimensions of auditors' tacit knowledge and each dimension separately on electronic banking operations risk management in Sudanese banks. The study recommended the necessity of continuous improvement in performance and the development of policies and procedures to maintain a high level of electronic security in Sudanese banks. It also emphasized the importance of investing in the development of training and continuous education programs for auditors to enhance their tacit knowledge in the field of electronic banking operations risk management and guide them towards best practices.

An Investigation of the Performance of Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixture Subjected to Ageing

Foad Elkut — 2024-10-16

One crucial element of the infrastructure designed by civil engineers is the highway. Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is a recently developed asphalt mix that is characterized by a high amount of coarse aggregate, filler, and asphalt, setting it apart from regular dense asphalt. As fillers, 6% calcium carbonate and 2% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) were added to the coarse-graded mix to prevent stripping and reduce binder drain down. The high coarse aggregate structure contributes to the creation of a stable matrix, improving its resistance to long-term deformation. This study's primary goal is to look at how varied ageing times and temperatures affect the performance of SMA mixtures. This study includes abrasion loss, permeability, and skid resistance performance tests. Utilizing a one-way ANOVA, results were examined. The findings indicate that there is no statistically significant relationship between age and skid resistance or abrasion loss. Meanwhile, the resilient modulus and skin temperature differential are statistically significantly impacted by the length of ageing. The combination thoroughly waterproofs the pavement and shows improved resistance to rutting due to its impermeable pavement.

Utilizing AI Chatbots to Enhance Students' Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills in Numerical Methods to Promote Reproducibility

Mohamed Edali — 2024-10-16

Practically every scientific field is impacted by the reproducibility dilemma. It has long been known that a significant amount of the science being generated cannot be reproducible and that findings from science that are not reproducible are at best doubtful and at least effectively insignificant. The principles of creative thinking are presented in this study article, which also emphasizes the need for computational thinking for problem-solving and enhancing mathematical proficiency. It emphasizes how mathematization helps develop problem-solving skills through numerical methods and goes into additional information about the process. In addition, the article addresses teaching with an artificial intelligent AI Chatbot, to achieve reproducibility. The AI Chatbot fosters students' creativity and curiosity while assisting them in comprehending and applying mathematics to practical situations. The study offers scientific insights into how AI technology might enhance student learning and foster mathematical thinking in mathematical classrooms. The current work presents ChatGPT, a conversational paradigm that can execute code on demand in response to computational problems. As part of the interaction, ChatGPT converts each query into the appropriate code, executes the code, and publishes the computed result. Among ChatGPT's noteworthy attributes is its well-known precision in solving numerical problems; as a subject, it does well in calculus, physics, linear algebra, and other courses. We combine this approach with interpretations in MATLAB, and PYTHON. Additionally, a user interface secure environment is needed for the code to run and reproduce the solutions to the mathematical problems presented by this scientific research.

Evaluation the Primary Drive Mechanisms and PVT Analysis by using Material Balance Software (MBAL Software) for Intisar “D” Reef Reservoir

Madi Naser — 2024-10-16

Identifying the driving mechanism and PVT analysis is important for optimizing reservoir development plans through primary, secondary, or tertiary recovery methods. Also, determining the size of an aquifer (based on its response to pressure support) provides a means of calibrating known physics against production data, which once calibrated can be used for prediction. In this paper, the types of natural drivers of the reservoir were estimated and compared using a program called MBAL after matching production history data with model results. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the basic driving mechanisms and PVT analysis using MBAL software for Intisar D field. The final project results can be seen matching the real data of the reservoir with the program results using MBAL software. The simulation results show that the reservoir pressure history curve matches the stimulation curve, and this gives a good indication of the input data fed into the model. The driving mechanism for all these tanks comes from three natural forces, namely fluid expansion, compression, and water flow. It started with the expansion of the fluid from 0 to 0.60, with the compressibility from 0.60 to 0.89, and with the flow of water from 0.89 to 1 is the flow of water.

Studying the Possibility of Smart Farms based on solar System Using (IoT) Technology in Libya

Ibrahim Imbayah — 2024-10-16

Study the possibility of using a smart farm based on solar system as the first source of electricity in Libya, as an economical solution, and we will study the monthly climate in Libya for the average temperature. And the amount of electrical power required and the efficiency of use; to design a solar system with an appropriate capacity to cover all the needs of the farm. And we will rely on (Internet of Things) technology in this farm to control it remotely. A soil moisture sensor will be used to monitor the moisture content of the soil; a float water level sensor will be used to monitor the water level in the tank; and a 16 x 12 LCD will be used to display the soil and tank status and turn on the water pump when the moisture content of the soil falls below a predetermined level, provided there is enough water in the tank.

Technological Innovations for Physical and Chemical Remediation of Oil-contaminated Water and Soil: A Review (Part-II)

Mohammed Alsakit — 2024-10-16

The petroleum industry produces significant amounts of oily wastewater, either through the process of oil production named associated water, through the process of oil refinery, or because of pipeline leakage through oil transportation. Environmentally permissible oily wastewater treatment is a significant problem for the petroleum industry. Nowadays, the focus has been on awareness of the treatment methods for oily wastewater. Therefore, oil-water separation has become a recent obstacle, and it must be explored and resolved by petroleum industries to meet set standards and protect the environment. However, during the last decades of growing urbanization and industrialization worldwide, the consumption of oils and their derivatives has significantly expanded. Due to some factors such as poor management, incomplete combustion, pipeline leakage, and other incidental circumstances, petroleum leaks into water and soil and are nearly unavoidable during the process of petroleum extraction, transportation, processing, and utilization. Since the relative toxicity of petroleum and its products, petroleum pollutants in water and soil can seriously harm the local ecosystem and human health. Therefore, efficient water and soil remediation technologies solutions for oil-contaminated sites are essential for environmental safety and sustainable growth. The current review of part II focuses on the physical and chemical remediation technologies of oil-contaminated soil.

Correlation Of Barely Straw Content and Performance Properties of Polystyrene Butadiene Rubber Composites

Anour Shebani — 2024-10-16

In this study, the main aim was to correlate the barely straw (BS) content with mechanical (e.g. impact strength and Shore hardness) and physical (e.g. water absorption (WA)) properties of BS/polystyrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. BS/SBR composites were prepared with 10, 20, 30, and 40% BS content. All composites showed to have improved mechanical properties in comparison to neat SBR. The impact strength slightly increased with increasing BS content up to 30% and then decreased. Shore hardness also showed a slight increase with increasing the content of BS. As expected, increasing BS content resulted in an increase in WA. Most importantly, a robustand positive correlation was found between BS content and impact strength, Shore hardness, and WA properties. The correlation indices between BS content and impact strength, Shore hardness and WA were r² = 0.711, r² = 0.966 and r² = 0.943, respectively. Therefore, straw could to used as alternative raw materials for conventional wood in reinforcement of polymer composites.

Analyzing the Effect of Water on Stability of Rocky Slopes and Simulating Collapse: A Case Study of the Debris Slope Parallel to Rujban Mountain Road –NW Libya

Aboalgasem Alakhdar — 2024-10-16

On December 11, 2023, a sudden collapse occurred in a parallel rocky slope adjacent to Rajban Mountain Road, leading to the closure of the road section. This prompted the research idea of simulating the collapse and the influencing conditions to assist in understanding the collapse occurrence. This paper discusses the utilization of practical methods and the 'Rock Plan' software to simulate the stages of slope failure. The analysis of simulation outputs reveals the impact of moisture content on the factor of safety and the relationship between driving forces and resistance. This paper highlights the importance of resistance strength in maintaining slope stability and how it diminished under the influence of rainfall pressure and a 65% increase in moisture content, which resulted in the slope collapse. The results demonstrate the influence of internal cohesion and friction angles on slope stability, identifying them as the primary factors contributing to the collapse. The study emphasizes the importance of using laboratory experiments to determine cohesion values and friction angles. It recommends the necessity of debris removal from water drainage channels and the use of simulation programs to assess the stability of parallel slopes along mountain roads before their construction.

Modeling and simulation of Internet of Things networks in smart buildings using queuing theory

Mwahib Omer Imhimed — 2024-11-05

Smart building systems in major cities are equipped with Internet of Things devices to monitor some different indicators in these buildings, and for the purpose of avoiding a decrease in the quality of service for these systems. Therefore, performance indicators related to their performance must be determined before implementing the building. Through these indicators, the behavior of the system can be understood and analyzed to estimate its performance quantitatively. In this study, the queue network model was used to model and simulate a smart building consisting of two floors and five rooms, where the main room is equipped with sensors. The modeling of the smart building system included three different levels: the edge computing level, the fog computing level, and the cloud computing level. The building was simulated using the Java Modeling Tool program, which allows simulating the queue model, and through it the performance indicators for the scenario of changing the number of servers can be estimated and the scenario parameters determined. Based on previous studies, the following indicators were adopted to study the behavior of the system, which are: average response time (R), number System messages (N), utilization ratio (U), flow rate (

Houshold Waste in the city of Ajdabiya and its environmental impact

Hamida Abdul Wanis Abdulraz — 2024-10-29

In this study , the types of solid waste disposed of in the city of Ajdabiya were identified , and the Causes of their accumulation and the methods used to reduce or Completely get rid of them by distributing survey form the field is on Residential neighborhoods of Ajdabiya City , and data Collection through field Visits and taking photos photo illustration, plan addition to the survey form of the Competent authority Ajdabiya municipality , where arrived this study to bifurcate the Composition of Solids waste with clear predominance of nutrient and Organic Residues from the rest ingredients , where the percentage of food waste reached 72,7%which is the highest percentage among the types of solid waste collected, we have a good efficiency for the incompatibility of the number of Containers , as well as the process of collecting and transfeming , the calls there is a consensus in some population inflation in modesty and increase the number of residential neighborhoods in the city of Ajdabiya , as the is also a lack of consistency it times between citizens taking out their waste and the time of transport trucks passing by , in addition to the lake of follow up continuous field Collection and transportation workers .

Response of chili (Capsicum annum L. var. Shihab) plants to some environmental variables(salinity stress and water deficit)

Widad Saed El-Mugrbi — 2024-10-21

Drought and salinity are two of the foremost environmental stresses which affecting seriously plant growth and productivity worldwide. these stresses limited water supply results in disturbance of osmotic balance, impaired metabolic activity at cellular level and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). The influences of different levels of salinity and drought applied on pepper plant during germination and seedling development stages. Exposure of Capsicum annum L. during germination period to different levels of drought increased in germination parameters (germination percentages, mean germination time…...et), whereas sea water concentrations were decreased these parameters. In addition, all investigated traits of chili seedling were impaired by higher levels water stress. Irrigated after 6 days had highest average values of almost seedling measurements. the higher concentrations (50 and 70%) of sea water were greatly inhibited of seedling development. The response patterns of chili plants to different environmental stresses used in this study were varied with different growth stages. Where, sea water had strong effects on chili plant at seed germinated and seedling development periods, whereas water stress had more response at seedling development stages.

Comparison of Height, Weight, Vitamin D, Calcium and Parathyroid Hormone Between Males and Females at the Tobruk University

Hanaa J. Abdelmola — 2024-10-21

This study aims to compare various physiological and biochemical parameters—namely height, weight, vitamin D levels, calcium levels and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, between male and female students aged 21 and 22 at the University of Tobruk. By analyzing these parameters, the study seeks to identify any significant differences between genders, which could have implications for health and nutritional recommendations. The results indicated that the mean height of male students was 165.64 ± 1.1 cm, significantly taller than female students, who had a mean height of 159.39 ± 0.82 cm (p-value = 0.000). However, the mean weight difference between males (63.00 ± 1.3 kg) and females (61.30 ± 1.5 kg) was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.424). Regarding biochemical parameters, male students had significantly higher mean vitamin D levels (16.6 ± 1.3 ng/mL) compared to female students (12.75 ± 0.56 ng/mL, p-value = 0.008). Similarly, males had higher mean calcium levels (9.330 ± 0.093 mg/dL) than females (8.946 ± 0.10 mg/dL, p-value = 0.007). The mean phosphorus levels did not show a significant difference between males (3.23 ± 0.23 mg/dL) and females (3.97 ± 0.50 mg/dL, p-value = 0.179), nor did the PTH levels (p-value = 0.976). In conclusion, the study revealed significant gender differences in height, vitamin D, calcium levels, and PHT among the student population at the University of Tobruk. Males were generally taller and had higher levels of certain biochemical. These findings underscore important gender-specific physiological and biochemical differences within this population.

Utilization of cellulose extracted from olive kernels (OK) and olive pomace‎ (OP) to enhance drilling fluid properties in terms of filtration, viscosity and gel strength

Mohammed ALOWA — 2024-10-21

This study explores the effects of cellulose derived from olive kernels (OK) and olive pomace (OP) on the properties of drilling fluids. The analysis revealed that both OK and OP cellulose exhibit similar density values across identical concentrations, indicating consistent density properties under the tested conditions. In terms of plastic viscosity (P.V.), OP cellulose demonstrated a slightly higher value of 10.4 cp compared to 10 cp for OK cellulose at a concentration of 0.1%, suggesting that both may be nearing a plasticity threshold where cellulose particle aggregation reduces thickening efficiency. Apparent viscosity (A.V.) peaked at 16.5 for OK and 15 for OP at a 0.1% concentration, illustrating distinct shear-thinning behaviours where viscosity decreased with increased shear rates at higher concentrations. Further, yield strength was found to be concentration-dependent, with OK cellulose peaking at 0.05% and OP cellulose at 0.1%. Filtration efficiency was notably improved by the addition of natural cellulose, with the highest filtration results observed at concentrations of 0.4% and 0.25%, achieving a value of 11.5 for both OK and OP cellulose. This suggests that increasing cellulose concentration can positively impact filtration control. The consistent performance of OP cellulose across various concentrations highlights its stability in enhancing filtration properties. Overall, the differences in cellulose behaviour between OK and OP are likely due to their unique physical properties, influencing their performance in drilling fluids.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Glass Powder Reinforced Concrete for Eco-Friendly Production Using the Voigt Model.

Abdelmoutalib BENFRID — 2024-10-20

Cement is a fundamental material in concrete composition, making concrete structures the most common in construction compared to metal, wood, and other structures. However, cement production is also a major contributor to increased carbon dioxide emissions and global warming due to the high-temperature kilns used in its manufacturing. Laboratory studies and experiments have shown that fine glass powder can enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of concrete to some extent. In this study, we will examine ordinary concrete mixed with fine glass powder, and to achieve homogeneity, the Voigt model's homogenization method will be used to extract the mechanical and thermal properties of this eco-friendly concrete. Additionally, Bernoulli's mathematical model will be applied to calculate the deflection of an eco-friendly concrete beam.

The results indicated a significant improvement in mechanical properties such as the modulus of elasticity and thermal expansion coefficient. Up to 35% of fine glass powder can be used as a substitute for cement, with reasonable improvements in these properties. Deflection is a critical mechanical and thermal phenomenon in the study of concrete structures, particularly in beams used in buildings, bridges, and individual houses. The results also showed that using Bernoulli's model to calculate beam deflection reveals that increasing the proportion of fine glass powder reduces deflection. This leads to economic benefits and significant environmental advantages, including the durability of concrete and the preservation of the ecosystem through the recycling of glass waste, which contains silica, an essential component in cement composition.

Predicting the Compressive Strength of Concrete Utilizing Machine Learning Techniques and Conventional Techniques

Abdualmtalab Ali — 2024-10-20

In civil engineering, accurately determining the compressive strength of concrete is a crucial aspect of designing buildings. Precisely predicting this strength can lead to significant time and cost savings by quickly generating essential design data and reducing the need for trial mixes, thus minimizing material waste. This research employed two different types of soft computing approaches, specifically artificial neural network (ANN) and Random Forest (RF), to efficiently project the compressive strength (CS) of concrete to forecast the compressive strength of concrete reliably. The variables considered include age, cement content, fly ash, Blast Furnace Slag, water content, superplasticizer content, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate. This study highlights the vast potential of cutting-edge machine learning models as a superior option for precisely predicting the compressive strength of concrete based on the concrete's components. The statistical analysis results show that all of the machine learning models displayed outstanding predictive abilities, as demonstrated by their high coefficient of determination () values of 99.5% and 95.3%, along with low Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error values of 1.177, 3.069, 0.387, 2.657, Additionally, the compelling findings suggest that the proposed models based on the RF and ANN techniques significantly outperformed those proposed using conventional approaches.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Polymer Additives in Modified Bitumen for Enhanced Pavement Performance

Hassan Awadat Salem — 2024-10-20

In Libya, as in many other countries, highway pavements primarily consist of bituminous mixtures, where the bituminous binder, despite its low proportion (5-7% by weight), significantly influences pavement performance. Standard bitumen often fails to meet desired performance levels under repeated traffic loads and adverse weather conditions. Over the last 20-30 years, the necessity to enhance pavement durability and minimize economic and environmental losses has led to the modification of bituminous binders with various additives, notably polymers. Successful bitumen modification requires understanding the characteristics of both the bitumen and the polymer used, as well as optimal production conditions for polymer-modified bitumen. This study compares 2 popular types of polymers (SBS & RUBBER) used in Libya. The results showed that the asphalt mixture with SBS & RUBBER improved the rutting % and Stabilty compared to the asphalt mixture without additives .

Comprehensive Study of The Impact of Water and Nanofluid Cooling on the Performance of Hybrid Photovoltaic Panels at Varied Irradiation Values

Khalid Hamoudah — 2024-10-20

High solar irradiation and ambient temperatures in regions like Libya can significantly decrease the electrical output of solar cells. This study investigates the impact of water and nanofluid cooling on the performance of a novel hybrid photovoltaic (PV) panel prototype. The prototype incorporates a water-based cooling system utilizing a water and Al₂O₃-water nanofluid within a rectangular collector at the rear of the PV panel. A comparative analysis is conducted using this collector technique. The closed-loop, passive cooling system directly contacts the PV panel through its rear side with varying nanofluid concentrations. Results demonstrate significant improvements in thermal efficiency, with increases of 48 % observed at nanofluid concentrations of 5 % volume. Electrical efficiency rises to 12.7 % and overall efficiency and total efficiency also exhibit a notable rise, reaching 60 % and 79.2% respectively at nanofluid concentrations of 5 % volume. additional enhancement of efficiency before and after using nanofluid as coolant increases to 5.5 %. In this study, a new style collector design was developed in addition to the suction plate. Additionally, the cooling cycle in the flow duct is carried out continuously using the water and water + Al₂O₃ as coolant. Therefore, the performance of the parallel channel of the plate, excluding PV/T and intermediate metal, was evaluated numerically. 3D numerical simulation was performed using finite element modeling (FEM) based on ANSYS Fluent software. Thus, the performance of PV/T obtained by the numerical simulation method was verified by external research.

Studying the Effect of Incorporating of Souknah (Al-Jufra) Limestone (SLS) on the Compression Strength of Hardened Cement Mortar

Mohammed Al-Kilani Almadani — 2024-10-16

Mortar is the bonding agent that integrates brick into a masonry assembly. Mortar must be strong, durable, and capable of keeping the masonry intact, and it must help to create a water-resistant barrier. The qualities, quantities, and content of the components in the mortar affect these needs. The purpose of this study is to compare the compressive strength and engineering qualities of Soukanah (Al-Jufra) limestone (SLS) when it is partially substituted for Portland cement powder in mortar. Limestone substituted in part for cement is regarded as 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40%. Samples of hardened cement mortar are tested for compressive strength after 28 days of age. The greatest compressive strength is only reached at 5% replacement, according to the results. This finding makes it evident that (SLS) can be used as a good 5% replacement for cement in cement mortar mixtures.

Evaluation of the genotoxicity of diazinon on the mitotic Index and mitosis stages in the roots tips in Allium Cepa. L.

Fatma Suliman Arrish — 2024-10-19

This study aims to determine the genotoxicity of diazinon pesticide on the stages of mitosis in the growing tips of onion roots, Allium cepa. Three concentrations were used in this study: 20, 50, and 90 ppm, for a period of 12 and 24 hours. When the results were analyzed statistically, the results showed that diazinon has toxic effects, as it caused a decrease in the mitotic Index in the cells of the growing tips of onion plants. It was also found that diazinon has an effect on the stages of mitosis, where It led to an increase in the percentage of chromosomal abnormalities in the different stages of division, and thus a variety of imbalances in each stage of division. The most important of these imbalances were the granular primer, irregular, sticky, and the equatorial clumped one, C.metaphase, with bridges, and lagging chromosomes.

Addressing Class Imbalance for Breast Cancer Prediction in Southern Libya: A Comparative Study of Sampling Techniques

Asma Agaal — 2024-11-04

Class imbalance refers to a scenario where the quantity of data in the minority class is significantly lower than that in the majority class, resulting in challenges in classification. To address this issue, this study tackles the challenge of class imbalance in breast cancer prediction using a dataset from the Sabha Center for Oncology Treatment in southern Libya. The research investigates the impact of eight different sampling techniques, including SMOTE, Adasyn, and NearMiss, when combined with Random Forest classification. The findings reveal that integrating SMOTE with Random Forest significantly outperforms other model configurations, resulting in a 21% increase in accuracy for predicting malignant samples and reaching a peak recall of 96%. This study demonstrates the importance of addressing class imbalances in medical datasets to improve the effectiveness of breast cancer prediction models.

Solving Linear Fractional Programming Problems With Triangular L-R Fuzzy Numbers Coefficients

Tarek Al Jerbi — 2024-10-19

In this paper, in real-life situations, the parameters of the linear programming problem model may not be defined precisely, because of the globalization of the market, uncontrollable factors, …etc. For this reason, it was presented an algorithm for solving fuzzy linear fractional programming (FLFP) problems, where coefficients of the objective function and constraints are triangular L-R fuzzy numbers. The FLFP problem can be reduced to a linear fractional programming problem using the ranking function for all triangular L-R fuzzy numbers coefficients, and then using the variable transformation method to obtain an optimal solution with optimum fuzzy objective function. This enables us to obtain many proposed solutions instead of a unique solution, which enables the decision-maker to make the best decisions. A numerical example is given for the sake of illustration.

Determination of Sulfite in some dried fruits using colorimetric method

Najat Bahroun — 2024-10-19

Sulfites are often used as preservatives in dried fruits to prevent discoloration and spoilage. Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to sulfites, and exposure can lead to adverse reactions. Monitoring sulfite levels helps protect these consumers and allows researchers to evaluate the long-term health impacts of sulfite consumption and contribute to ongoing research in food safety. The goal of the current study was to determine sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentration in some widely consumed dried fruits in Zawia city, Libya. Also is to ensuring that dried fruits are safe for consumption. A nine dried fruit samples were randomly collected from local market in Zawia city, Libya. The sulfur dioxide concentration in dried fruit samples were measured by colorimetric method using ONDA TOUCH UV-21 Spectrophotometer. The mean sulphite residue in apricot, white raisins, black raisins, banana, mango, kiwi, imported fig, local fig, plum was 252.2±2.50, 154.0±2.65, 166.0±1.00. 419.0±3.71. 223.2±2.37. 352.7±2.08, 259.7±2.52, 0, 326.9±7.34 respectively. The concentrations of SO₂ in the studied samples were within the permissible limits according to FDA regulations (up to 2,000 ppm). It appears that the content of this food preservative in dried fruits consumed in Libya has no serious risk for consumers in Libya.

Basic Characteristics of Flowable Fill Materials Containing Demolishing Waste Materials as Cement Replacement

Mushtaq Radhi — 2024-10-19

Flowable Fill Materials (FFM) are commonly known as cementitious materials that are low shrinkage, self-compacting and self-leveling. FFM are generally employed to substitute backfill soil and traditional construction fillings. This paper produces the outcomes of experimental study that has intention to examine incorporation demolishing waste materials in production flowable fill materials. the experimental work was separated into two parts, first part investigates the pozzolanic activity for different demolishing waste materials (glass, clay bricks, and Autoclaved Aerated Concrete blocks). Six different mixes of demolishing waste powder were tested by pozzolanic activity index test. The second part used an optimal pozzolanic demolishing waste for producing FFM. Ten mixes of FFM containing the optimal demolishing waste material ranged from 5% to 20% as cement replacement were prepared. Then the basic properties of FFM like flowability , unconfined compressive strength at different age , density were examined. Overall, the outcomes illustrate that demolishing waste materials especially glass powder can effectively utilize as cement replacement in flowable fill application.

Solid Waste Management in Libya: Challenges and Sustainable Solutions (City of Al-Abyar as a Case Study)

Fathi Maeyouf Husayn Alsaedi — 2024-10-19

The study aimed to analyze the current situation of solid waste management in the city of Al-Abyar, identify the main challenges facing the waste management system in the city, explore possible sustainable solutions to improve waste management in Al-Abyar, and provide practical recommendations for local authorities and relevant stakeholders to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of waste management. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach using a questionnaire as a tool for data collection. A sample of 396 residents from Al-Abyar was selected. The study concluded that the waste disposal sites in the city are not adequately suitable, causing significant environmental problems due to the pollution they generate. Solid waste management in Al-Abyar requires substantial improvements, particularly in the areas of recycling, community awareness, and legislation and policies. The study recommended developing and improving waste disposal sites to be located away from residential areas and equipped with treatment systems to reduce pollution. It emphasized the necessity of adopting an integrated framework for waste management that includes improving infrastructure, enhancing recycling programs, increasing community awareness, and improving legislation and policies to achieve sustainable and effective solid waste management in Al-Abyar.

Study of Physical and Chemical Parameters to Evaluate the Quality of Drinking Water for Some Groundwater Wells in the City of Al-Bayda, Libya

Tariq.A.M TYEB — 2024-10-19

The purpose of this work was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics to find the quality of groundwater and whether it is suitable for drinking purposes or not. Ten sites were selected in the Al-Bayda city and three replicates were taken from each well site. The current study's results show that there are differences between stations. In contrast, the pH values varied between (7.63 - 7.92), TDS values ranged between (285 - 493.33 mg/L), EC values were ranged (593.33 - 864.67 μS/cm), The values of alkalinity (measured as HCO₃^-) varied from (262.6 - 341.6 mg/L), The range of total hardness values was from (253.54 - 308.25 mg/L), The range of Ca⁺⁺ levels was (88.18 - 122.38 mg/L), Mg⁺⁺ (52.8 - 73.92 mg/L), Cl^- (44.90 - 89.81 mg/L), Na⁺ (26.41- 53.99 mg/L), K⁺ (0.48 - 5.81 mg/L), and NO₃^- (0.27 - 4.46mg/L). The findings showed that the values of pH, EC, TH, TDS, Cl^-, Ca⁺⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ and NO₃^- were found to be within the permissible limit values. On the other hand, the values of Alkalinity, and Mg⁺⁺ exceeded the acceptable limit. All parameters vary depending on the nature of the terrain, geological structure, and soil. Based on the aforementioned findings, the local government should establish more water filtration plants and conduct routine water quality monitoring to provide safe drinking water.