Journal of Human Sciences

Dahir of May 16, 1930 AD - Ma’rib’s exterior and internal contradictions

Mohmad Aborwe Hasan Alemare — 2024-09-11

In this research, we present and discuss a very sensitive issue, given its connection to the conscience of the Moroccan nation. Although it is one of the effects of French protectionism, it has been transferred to the collective memory, which is already burdened with historical accumulations that were revealed by the deed created by the colonizer when issuing the Decree of 5/16/1930 AD, which revealed responses and interactions. The Moroccans faced with him and with him a problem related to identity and citizenship, but its effects are still valid and renewed, and reproduce themselves, albeit in the form of dialogues and debates between Moroccan elites and intellectuals. The view of the supporters of the national movement on the event is still the same as the view of their predecessors, while the defenses and orientations of the advocates of the Amazigh language and those carrying its legacy appear to be Linguistic, cultural, historical, and even ethnic, they are more ferocious and determined to lift the state of oppression they believe.

The approach of the Hanbali masters in working with single narrations

Mohamed Assayeh SalehAlkorbo — 2024-07-15

This study deals with presentation and analysis of the approach of the Hanbali masters in working with single narrations, and the controls they set for accepting it. This study aims to find out the most important opinions of the scholars of the doctrine on this subject, and to know the conditions they stipulated for adopting single narrations, the extent of its validity according to their scholars, and their method of working with hadith. The mursal, their position on the hadith narration if it violates analogy, and their responses to the conditions of the Hanafi and Maliki masters with which they rejected the hadith narration. This study concluded with jurisprudential applications on the approach of the Hanbali masters in their acceptance of the hadith hadiths.

Tadbir as Marine Diplomacy: Ottoman Foreign Jurisdiction in Practice and the Debate of Piracy in Case of Tripoli between 1790s-1835

Kerem Duymus — 2024-09-22

The marine diplomacy of Tripoli in the Qaramanlı era was deeply shaped by the Ottoman Foreign Jurisdiction. Yet, especially Yusuf Paşa with his tadbir (Ar.) [governing through taking measures] application carried the implication of this jurisdiction to a global tributary system that all European states as well as USA obeyed. The ignorance of the historians from Europe and USA about the Ottoman Foreign jurisdiction led them to believe that the tributary system of Tripoli was “piracy”. A thorough examination shows that actually even some European and USA consuls in the 19th century were aware of the fact that the tributary system had nothing to do with piracy, but they named this system in this way to express their dissatisfaction. In reality, Yusuf Paşa of Tripoli was successfully applying Ottoman Foreign jurisdiction in form of tributary system. Furthermore, between 1790s and 1835, he was so successful on this application that this system became a global politic in the Mediterranean without using any brute force.

Ufeministi Unavyopingana Na Uislamu Kuhusu Mwanamke

جابر الزروق — 2024-10-08

Makala imejadili namna Nadharia ya Ufeministi inavyopingana na dini ya Uislamu juu ya nafasi ya mwanamke. Aidha makala imebainisha baadhi ya aya za Kurani tukufu na hadithi za Mtume Muhammad SAW zinazodaiwa kuendeleza unyanyasaji na ukandamizwaji wa mwanamke. Ukandamizwaji wa mwanamke hasa katika kipengele cha dini na ndoa umekua ukijadiliwa na kuzua migongano ya kihakiki. Suala la umiliki wa mali limeonekana kwa kiasi kikubwa kumtenga mwanamke kiuchumi. Nadharia ya Ufeministi wa Kiislamu imetumika katika kulijadili suala hili. Vilevile nadharia ya Mwitiko wa Msomaji na Uhalisia wa kijamii zimetumika katika kuzihakiki kazi za kifasihi. Aidha makala inaazimia kufuta fikra zilizo zoeleka kuwa, kinachotendeka katika nchi za magharibi ni kigezo cha taaluma na maisha bora ya ulimwengu.

Modern Libya Magazine and its Position on Women's Issues (1963-1969)AD

Awatif Saeed Emhemmed — 2024-08-26

“Modern Libya” magazine kept up with its coverage of many issues related to Libyan women. It is a bi-monthly illustrated magazine that began publication in 1963 AD. Due to its commitment to political, intellectual, literary and artistic issues in general, it paid special attention to Libyan women’s issues, as it followed their most important political, social and cultural activities The aim of the magazine's administration was to pay attention to women's issues, to publish their news through some articles, or to quote some excerpts from other newspapers, to highlight the role of women and the concepts related to their rights in education, social participation, holding public positions, choosing a husband, maternity care, etc. through the magazine as cultural and educational media. Its entertainment has a significant impact on the trends of public opinion and establishing awareness in society. Despite the lack of media space devoted to women, “Modern Libya” provided us with important basic issues related to women, examining their affairs and problems and finding solutions for them. The researcher will analyze women's issues in the magazine "Modern Libya" from 1963 - 1969 AD, during which she will go through many occasions and events related to the topic of women.

The concept of security in the Holy Quran: Its derivatives, and its importance in life

Aboubakr Mohammed Aboubakr Nouralddeen — 2024-08-26

This research deals with an analytical study in the field of interpretation of the Holy Qur’an, as it includes security verses and their derivatives in the Holy Qur’an. These verses are then contemplated and their meanings are used to explain the importance of security in People's lives, and learning about the factors that ensured security in society, the most important of which is the Holy Qur’an, which made the concept of security comprehensive and complete in human life. This is done by explaining and presenting the concept of security. Its derivatives in the Holy Qur’an, citing some of the sayings of scholars in this regard, and explaining its aspects, then presenting the verses related to this matter, and studying the aspects of inference through the sayings of commentators in this matter. Theme. The verses, in addition to addressing the purposes of security and its importance in people’s lives. As a result, this research was given the title: (The concept of security in the Holy Qur’an: its derivatives, and its importance in life). After this arrangement comes the conclusion, which includes the most important results and recommendations, followed by an index of sources and references.

Defensive fortifications in Cyrenaica located Outside the main Cities During the Roman Era and its Defensive role (Astudy of examples of it)

Mohamed Ali . abushahma — 2024-09-04

The geographical location of the state of Cerenaica played an important role in its history and civilization throughout the ages it passed through. With the death of Ptolemy Apion in 96 BC, ownership of the Ptolemaic properties in Cerenaica was transferred to the Romans. As a result of the danger posed by the local tribes, it was necessary to pay attention to the Roman defensive fortifications there, in order to impose To achieve this goal, the Romans followed a military strategy that relied on three aspects to achieve it: auxiliary military divisions, main forts, and roads. The Romanian military strategy relied on the stability of elements of the Romanian military divisions that assisted it. The Romans used the local population to form these auxiliary teams, and in this aspect, literary and archaeological sources provided important data about the stability of the elements of the auxiliary military teams in Cyrenaica. The Romans worked on constructing defensive fortifications to serve as headquarters for the soldiers of the auxiliary teams operating in Cirinaica. The Roman military strategy aimed to fortify the borders of the state, in line with the geographical division of the state. A group of watchtowers or guard towers were also erected. The Roman military planning strategy required the establishment of two types of them, the first It was built for the purpose of strengthening fort gates and walls. As for the second type, it was built in isolated areas on the Roman border and was built individually. As for the roads, the Roman interest in the road network in Cerenaica began in the middle of the first century AD. The Romans worked to improve the road system by reclaiming and maintaining it, and erecting millstones along its length to determine the distances between regions. It seems clear that the Roman road system in Cerenaica in general Simple, as it is made up of main roads linking parts of the state, its main cities, and the interior regions.

The ideological nature of the Negritude and Afrocentrism movements

Ahmid Hamad Bousbaa — 2024-09-22

This study aimed to explore the Negritude and Afrocentrism movements, identify their most prominent leaders, and examine the historical conditions and motivations that led to their emergence. It also investigated their vital role in critiquing the racist colonial experience and in challenging the negative stereotypes imposed on African peoples by the exclusionary Western-centric ideology and its colonial discourse. Furthermore, the study highlighted the efforts to cultivate African liberation consciousness, achieve independence and unity, and lay the foundation for African intellectual, political, and literary perspectives that address the concerns of the African people and express their aspirations for freedom and emancipation, free from the exclusion and marginalization they have endured for a long time.

Spatial Analysis of bakeries in Sebha city using Gis – in the services geography.

Fatama Edris Mohamad Altaher Altaleb — 2024-09-24

Spatal and lysis of bakeries in the city of sebbausing geographic in formation sgstems.Astady in the geograbhy phy of serries summary, This researchaims to know the patterns of gegraphical. Distribution of bakeries in the city of sebuha .The reality of othe spatial distribution of these bakeries .Therough the use of geogra phical in formation systms (GIS). And an explanation of the current distribution paftern ofbakeries and it is realation ship to some geographical variablas. The research relied on the descriptive and analytical approah in addition to the use of geographic formation systems te chnology. Suchas naalyzing The standad distanca.The average center.The average parameter .The nieghbor hood connention, and The moran coefficient,to determine The mostimportant bakeries and The extent of ,problems facing compliance with planning standards for bakeries for residents of The city of sebha The research shoued that approximately haif. Bakries are concent rafed in the localities of ALManshiya and ALQardah,equiralent to 41.2% of the total number of bakeries in the city of sebha. It was also shown that the geogrephical distribution of bakeries takesa clustered pattern tending toa regular patten according to The nearest neighbor analysis,and the distribution of the phenomenon trends from The north west to The sontheast according to The analysis of The direction of distribution and that the middle center Is located in the centero of The city.(lqaid), and The middle landmark of The phenomenon is located or bakeries, wich reprsent The AL-Alam bakery in The Loca lity of AL-Qarada It also takes The scattered patternwhen andlyzing moran. Thus,we find that through spatial analyzes it indicates The regularity of the distribution of bakeries and that they are clustered in places and not present in places

Comparing Common Themes in Wine Poetry Between Khayyam and Abu Hindi

Buthaina Shemous — 2024-10-08

Wine poetry has held significant importance for poets and researchers since ancient times, gaining prominence in cultures such as the Arabic culture, where the poet Abu Hindi was the first to describe wine in Islam, and the Persian culture, where the poet Omar Khayyam became one of the most prominent poets of wine poetry. These two poets share a set of themes that reveal their leniency towards Islamic jurisprudence. Using a descriptive analytical approach, this article attempts to illustrate the common themes in the wine poetry of Abu Hindi and Khayyam in his quatrains and compare them, to highlight the differences in their presentation styles. The study concludes that Khayyam utilized his philosophy to convey his ideas, presenting reasons and logical arguments, and benefiting from religious intertextuality, whereas Abu Hindi's style was simple and clear, and other results that we will present in our paper, which aims to clarify the intentions of ancient poets in resorting to wine, and what wine required of the poet's departure from the norm, the importance of the research lies in the fact that it is the first study that aims to comparison between these two poets, and the first that studies those themes in both of them poets.

Definition Failure in the Holy Quran: Its Causes and Treatment

Mutiah Hzaa. Fahd alenazi — 2024-11-19

This research addresses definition of failure: its causes, and its treatment in light of the Holy Quran. The material related to (failure) has been studied within the Quranic context through an analytical and interpretive approach, aiming to define it, explain its implications, and clarify its meaning in each context. The research also explores the causes of failure and ways to treat and recover from it based on the Quranic perspective. The study consists of an introduction, a preamble, two main chapters, and a conclusion, and it employs three scientific methodologies: inductive, thematic, and analytical. It was shown through the study: the material related to (failure) appears in four instances in the Holy Quran and is mentioned in the context of disputes and differences that lead to failure and loss of strength. Furthermore, in Islam, failure is considered part of the human experience and not the end of the road; rather, it is an opportunity for learning and spiritual and moral growth .

The impact of climate changes on surface water resources in Libya using spatial techniques: An applied study on the Wadi Ka'am Basin for the period 1981-2020

Ali Mustafa Salim — 2024-10-11

The research aims to evaluate the impact of climate change on surface water resources in Libya by analysis and tracking the time series of water quantities collected in the Wadi Ka'am Dam and their relationship to temperature, analysis the trends of change in rainfall amounts, determining the variation in their amounts using statistical analysis. In addition, employing spatial techniques to understand the impact of climate change on the water cycle and its future changes by 2050 in the Wadi Ka'am Basin. The study concluded that there is a trend towards a decrease in the average annual rainfall amounts in the study area without statistical significance. The decrease amounts ranged between 22.05 mm in Tarhuna and 32.81 mm in the Al-Khoms area, about 30.19 mm in the Kaam area, and with a trend of increase appearing in favor of the second period by about 30.89 mm in the Lamamra area, The results also indicated that there were differences in the average minimum and maximum annual temperature between the two periods of the study in favor of the period. The second temperature in all monitoring points ranged between 0.562°C and 0.806°C, in the Al-Khoms and Zliten stations, respectively, at a level of statistical significance less than 0.001 in all stations for the period 1981-2020, The Wadi Kaam Basin will witness a decrease in surface runoff and soil moisture, and actual evaporation rates will increase in the Wadi Kaam Basin to reach between 205.7-225.2 mm/year by 2050.

The brain dominate among students at University of Benghazi and its relationship to academic specialization (scientific, literary), and gender.

Mahboba Khalifa Saleh Hamd — 2024-09-03

The study aimed to identify the prevailing pattern of cerebral dominance (Right , Lift ) among students of The university of Benghazi , faculties ; Literature , Engineering , Medicine , Al-Marj , the study also aimed to identify the relationship of the pattern of brain dominance, according to the variables of academic specialization, and gender , the study also aimed to uncover differences in cerebral dominance patterns attributed to the two variables of gender , and the academic specialization , and used (HBDI) scale , on a sample of (100) students , (50) students from faculties Engineering , Medicine (50) students from Literature, the study found the left pattern of cerebral dominance was the most common among students , followed by the Right pattern , and the study also found that there is a relation between the pattern of brain dominance and gender , there is no relationship between the pattern of brain dominance and academic specialization , and there no difference in the pattern of brain dominance due to according to the variables of academic specialization , and gender.

Challenges and Solutions of Electronic learning among EFL Students at Sebha University

Sara Abdorazik — 2024-11-19

This study aims to investigate the obstacles and challenges that have been encountered by EFL students at Sebha University when implemented to electronic learning system, as well as to find out the suitable solutions for these problems. The participants of the study were 50 students; 38 females and 12 males who were enrolled in the semesters from the 4th till the 8th semester. Simi-structured interviews were utilized to collect data; the thematic approach was used for analyzing data and the qualitative descriptive method was employed in this study. The research study concludes that EFL students have faced some technical obstacles when integrated to online learning during the time of COVID 19 pandemic, i.e., ignorance of technology, unstable network and lack of smart phones and computers. Moreover, EFL students have faced some academic challenges with online learning, i.e., lack of teacher interaction, difficulties of self-reliance learning and lack of collaborative learning approach. As a result, some solutions are suggested by EFL learners to fix up the previous problems which are presented in replacing e-learning system to blended learning as well as providing the university support for encountering the technical problems. Finally, recommendations for teachers to implement the collaborative approach and enhancing the autonomous learning techniques are mentioned in this study.

Integrating Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman (Play and Film) into Language Education: A Classroom Investigation

Ramadan Shalbag — 2024-10-30

Students today enjoy watching short films on YouTube using their mobile phones and other devices. Consequently, English teachers can guide their students in utilizing these technological tools to enhance their understanding of drama. Current learners are digital natives, familiar with technology, which highlights the importance for English teachers to integrate visual aids into their teaching strategies, especially when teaching English as a foreign language. Teachers should focus on key literary techniques, such as figures of speech, style and context, and narrative structure, to enhance students' analytical skills. Exploring character development and relationships, as well as encouraging the identification of themes and symbols, further deepens students' comprehension. By emphasizing these areas, educators can cultivate a richer understanding of literature. Many students feel overwhelmed by the linguistic complexity of literary texts. However, they have the opportunity to appreciate film adaptations of well-known dramas in English. An effective way to understand and value literary texts is through careful analysis of their language and components. Language teachers should help students recognize how the text functions and the specific meanings it conveys. One approach is to select a passage from a drama and pair it with a corresponding film clip. For instance, an extract from Arthur Miller's *Death of a Salesman* can be used in this way. The findings of the study indicated that the majority of students believe that viewing the film enhances their understanding of the drama. They also found the drama/film (D/F) technique particularly helpful, as it improves both their linguistic and metalinguistic skills, preparing them to better comprehend the visual elements on screen.