SealNet: A Secure Digital Seal Framework to Combat Forgery in Libyan Public Administration

Abstract

The transition to e-government in developing nations like Libya is critically hindered by a reliance on paper-based bureaucracy, leading to rampant administrative forgery and process inefficiency. This paper proposes ”SealNet,” a sovereign secure digital seal framework designed to establish a national trust anchor for public administration. Addressing the lack of a unified Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and current legislative enforcement gaps, SealNet utilizes a hybrid cryptographic approach combining RSA-2048 for standard digital signatures and ECDSA-P256 for high-density, encrypted QR codes. This dual mechanism enables both online and offline verification, overcoming infrastructure limitations. The system transitions beyond mere software engineering by integrating a permissioned Blockchain for metadata anchoring to ensure robust post-issuance auditability and accountability against insider threats, and Shamir’s Secret Sharing for robust Root CA governance. We formally verify the protocol using Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic to theoretically demonstrate strong non-repudiation properties. System validation through rigorous stress testing demonstrated a signing latency of under 200ms and successfully detected all payload tampering attempts within our specific experimental constraints. An empirical pilot study within a real-world academic registry confirmed a 98.4% offline scanning success rate and reduced administrative turnaround time by 99.8%. Under fair, identical stress-test conditions (500 req/sec), SealNet exhibited significantly lower CPU and Memory consumption compared to pure permissioned ledger models. Furthermore, the framework aligns technically with the Libyan Electronic Transactions Law No. 6 of 2022 and eIDAS standards, offering a scalable and conceptually quantum-agile transition strategy to minimize document fraud.