Advancing Environmental Monitoring Systems Using IoT and Sensors
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Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Sensor Nodes, Soil Moisture Sensor, Temperature Sensor, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) Sensor
Abstract
This paper presents the design and implementation of an environmental monitoring system for Sebha International Airport, Libya, utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) and a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The system integrates sensor nodes to monitor temperature, light intensity, and soil moisture. Each node incorporates a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistor (TTC05203), a Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) photoresistor (LDR), and, in one node, a soil moisture sensor based on resistivity. Data acquisition is managed by PIC18F4620 microcontrollers, using Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) on a 2.4 GHz Zigbee network for reliable wireless communication. A Raspberry Pi Zero W acts as a gateway, collecting data from the WSN and uploading it to the ThingSpeak IoT platform for visualization and analysis. The system successfully monitors environmental conditions in real time, with Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) ensuring data integrity. This solution enhances passenger comfort by automating climate control based on real-time temperature and light readings, while also supporting sustainable management of airport green spaces through soil moisture monitoring. Further research will explore incorporating additional environmental parameters, such as air quality and noise levels, and developing predictive analytics capabilities.
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