The Effect of Prostaglandins on Female Reproductive system

Abstract

Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances produced in various mammalian tissues, mediating a wide range of physiological functions, and their metabolic compounds are found in virtually all organs and tissues (13). It plays an important role in the processes of reproduction and pregnancy. It affects the uterus functions in the menstrual cycle, fetal implantation, pregnancy and childbirth (9). The importance of (PG) lies in the very early stages of the development of the different vesicle before the emergence of the pituitary hormone receptors, and it helps stimulate the (FSH) receptors, and the (PG) may act in a manner similar to (LH) on the tika cells and helps to initiate the growth of the vesicle. And (PG) can be considered as factors of vesicular origin within the ovary to participate in controlling the growth of non-developing follicles with pituitary gonadotropin to become essential growth regulating factors, as they may capture LH and FSH receptors (2). The onset of menstruation immediately precedes constriction of small arterioles in Endumtrium. PG participates in this process through the action of (PGF2α) on these arterioles, and the contractile activity of Myomatrium is significant during the menstrual period and this activity is associated with high concentrations of (PGF2α) at ​​the same time with a decrease in the level of progesterone and it is known that progesterone inhibits the stimulating action of (PGF2α) on Myomatrium. (9). The (PG) is involved in the rupture of the ovarian follicle (especially PGF2α) and the formation of (PG) increases during the period of ovulation, and this increase depends on the gonadotropin hormones (21). Important in all stages of pregnancy and fetal implantation, it enables tropoplast to invade and settle in the blood vessels in the myometrium in the womb of the mother, at all stages of fetal growth and development, where it plays an important role as a vascular regulator of fetal uterine blood flow, and controls the beginning and progress of the birth process and its progress (9). Prostaglandins play an important role in contracting uterine muscles and stimulating labor (16).