HPLC Method for Qualitative Analysis of Acetaminophen in Pharmaceutical Painkillers (Paracetamol, Panadol, and Saridon) in Tablet Formulations
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the therapeutic components of the most common commercial pharmaceutical painkillers (Paracetamol, Panadol, and Saridon) and determine their degree of purity and thus protect the consumer using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. All ingredients were quantified in tablet formulations. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a slim C18 column by gradient elution using a mixture of acetonitrile and water (75:25 v/v) as the solvents. The flow rate was 1.0 mL min−1 and the injection volume was 10 μL. Detection was performed at 280 nm using a photodiode array detector. The retention times (tR) of acetaminophen were observed to be 0.55 min (paracetamol), 0.53 min (panadol), and 0.53 min (saridon). The findings revealed that the retention time (tR) values for acetaminophen in all three medications were very similar. In addition, the HPLC chromatogram revealed that saridon contains two other active ingredients (saridon and propyphenazone). The tR of propyphenazone was detected to be 0.80 min (saridon). The tR of caffeine was remarked to be 1.20 min (saridon).
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
D. A. Skoog, D. M. West, & F. J. Holler, Analytical chemistry: an introduction. 7th ed. Harcourt, Inc. Florida, USA, 2000.
Yabré, M., Ferey, L., Somé, T. I., Sivadier, G., & Gaudin, K. (2020). Development of a green HPLC method for the analysis of artesunate and amodiaquine impurities using Quality by Design. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 190, 113507.
Marson, B. M., Concentino, V., Junkert, A. M., Fachi, M. M., Vilhena, R. O., & Pontarolo, R. (2020). Validation of analytical methods in a pharmaceutical quality system: An overview focused on HPLC methods. Química Nova, 43, 1190-1203.
P. Patnaik & J. A. Dean, Dean's analytical chemistry handbook. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, USA, 2004.
R. P. Scott, Principles and practice of chromatography. Chrom-ed book series, 1. Library for Science, LLC, 2012.
M. F. Vitha, Chromatography: principles and instrumentation (Vol. 185). John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
Dongare, M. V. S., Kohale, N. B., & Rathod, S. B. (2023). A review of chromatograph: Principal, classification, application. Int. J. Humanit. Soc. Sci. Manag, 3, 367-373.
V. R. Meyer, Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, 5th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, 2012.
Shinde, S., & Rajurkar, V. (2024). Advances in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method Development and Validation: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Biotherapeutics, 1, 16-26.
L. R. Snyder, J. J. Kirkland, & J. W. Dolan, Introduction to modern liquid chromatography. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
Ali, A. H. (2022). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): a review. Ann. Adv. Chem, 6, 010-020.
Calderón, C., & Lämmerhofer, M. (2023). Basic principles for the selection of liquid chromatographic modes for specific applications. In Liquid Chromatography (Third Edition) Applications Volume 2 in Handbooks in Separation Science (pp. 81–157). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-99969-4.00101-7
Belal, T., Awad, T., & Clark, R. (2009). Determination of Acetaminophen and Tramadol Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Mixture Using HPLC and GC-MS. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 47, 849-854. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/47.10.849
Ibrahim, H., Hamdy, A. M., Merey, H. A., & Saad, A. S. (2020). Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, propyphenazone and caffeine in presence of acetaminophen impurities using Dual-Mode Gradient HPLC and TLC densitometry methods. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 59, 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmaa088
Fiani, B., Zhu, L., Musch, B. L., Briceno, S., Andel, R., Sadeq, N., & Ansari, A. Z. (2021). The neurophysiology of caffeine as a central nervous system stimulant and the resultant effects on cognitive function. Cureus, 13, e15032. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15032
Pyka-Pająk A. (2024). Determination of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Saridon Tablets Using an Economical and Sensitive Thin Layer Chromatography Method Combined with Densitometry. Analytica, 5, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/analytica5010001
Žuvela, P., Skoczylas, M., Jay Liu, J., Ba̧czek, T., Kaliszan, R., Wong, M. W., & Buszewski, B. (2019). Column characterization and selection systems in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Chemical reviews, 119, 3674-3729.