Rehabilitation of Alveolar Ridge Defects by Distraction Techniques: A systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic review was aimed to assess the resorption rate and the indications of overcorrection in alveolar distraction osteogenesis (ADO), as well as evaluation of the alveolar distraction techniques, and if necessary, to follow different augmentation protocols in different sites. Online search in four electronic sources was performed to analyze and compare the outcomes of previous clinical studies of alveolar distraction osteogenesis with dental implantation in the period from January 2003 to December 2016. The search terms used, in simple or multiple conjunctions, and the clinical trials were selected according to pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The initial search yielded 1625 titles. After a subsequent filtering process, 19 studies covering 366 cases and 416 distraction procedures were finally analyzed. The mean augmentation rate was 8.218mm (range, 5-20 mm). The rate of resorption was almost similar in the included studies (15.8-25 %.). The rate of distraction was between 0.5 mm to 1mm daily. The consolidation period was 12 weeks in the almost all studies, the other studies reported various consolidation periods ranging from 6 weeks to 14 weeks. The research concluded that, alveolar distraction is not an uncomplicated procedure. The distraction protocols might be modified individually independent to position of distraction to avoid some complications. There are significant rates of resorption in vertical alveolar distraction osteogenesis for one reason or another, but sufficient overcorrection should be solving this problem.