The International Geomagnetic Reference Field in Yemen at the Beginning of 2020 and the Secular Variations during the Period from 1900 to 2020
Article Sidebar
-
International Geomagnetic Reference Field., Magnetic Elements, Secular Variation, Yemen
Abstract
The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is the best mathematical fit of the observed geomagnetic field at any specific time. It is adopted by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). Due to the importance of this field for navigation, magnetic survey, geological mapping, military usage, local magnetic anomalies in the Earth's crust, surveying, and orientation in three dimensions. The IAGA evaluates and updates this field every five years to account for temporal field variations originating in Earth's core. The elements of the IGRF were determined for 1970 and the beginning of 2020 for the 171 sites in Yemen to compare and determine secular variations during this period. Also, the IGRF elements were determined for the centers of three cities, Aden, Sana'a, and Sa'dah, at the beginning of every five years from 1900 to the beginning of 2020 to study the secular variation during this period.
Full text article
References
[1]-Thèbault, E., Finlay, C. C., Beggan, C. D., Alken, P., Aubert, J., Barrois, O., Bertrand, F., Bondar, T., Boness, A., Brocco, L., Canet, E., Chambodut, A., Chulliat, A., Coïsson, P., Civet, F., Du, A., Fournier, A., Fratter, I., Gillet, N., Hamilton, B., Hamoudi, M., Hulot, G., Jager, T., Korte, M., Kuang, W., Lalanne, X., Langlais, B., Lèger, J.-M., Lesur, V., Lowes, F. J., Macmillan, S., Mandea, M., Manoj, C., Maus, S., Olsen, N., Petrov, V., Ridley, V., Rother, M., Sabaka, T. J., Saturnino, D., Schachtschneider, R., Sirol, O., Tangborn, A., Thomson, A., Tøffner-Clausen, L., Vigneron, P., Wardinski, I., andZvereva, T., 2015. International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the 12th generation, Earth, Planets, and Space, 67-79.
[2]-Allaby, A. and Allaby, M. 1991. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Earth Sciences. Oxford University Press.
[3]-Peddie, N.W. 1982. International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the third generation. J Geomagn Geoelect 34: 309–326.
[4]-Finlay, C.C., Maus, S., Beggan, C.D., Bondar, T.N., Chambodut, A., Chernova, T.A., Chulliat, A., Golovkov, V.P., Hamilton, B., Hamoudi, M., Holme, R., Hulot, G., Kuang, W., Langlais, B., Lesur, V., Lowes, F.J., Luhr, H., Macmillan, S., Mandea, M., McLean, S., Manoj, C., Menvielle, M., Michaelis, I., Olsen, N., Rauberg, J., Rother, M., Sabaka, T.J., Tangborn, A., Toffner-Clausen, L., and Thebault, E. 2010a) International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the eleventh generation. Geophys J Int 183(3): 1216–1230. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04804.x.
[5]-Alken, P., Thèbault, E., Beggan, C. D., Aubert, J., Baerenzung, J., Brown, W. J., Cali, S., Chulliat, A., Cox, G. A., Finlay, C. C., Fournier, A., Gillet, N., Hammer, M. D., Holschneider, M., Hulot, G., Korte, M., Lesur, V., Livermore, P. W., Lowes, F. J., Macmillan, S., Nair, M., Olsen, N., Ropp, G., Rother, M., Schnepf, N. R.,Stolle, C., Toh, H., Vervelidou, F., Vigneron P. and Wardinski, I., 2020. Evaluation of candidate models for the 13th generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field. in press.
[6]-Zmuda, A.J. 1971. The International Geomagnetic Reference Field. Bull Int Assoc Geomag Aeronomy, 28: 148–152.
[7]-Abou-Deeb, J. M. 2008. The International Geomagnetic Reference Field in Syria at The Beginningof The Year 2008. Damascus University Journal (Basic Sciences), 25(1): 45-72.
[8]-IAGA Division I Study Group Geomagnetic Reference Fields. 1975. International Geomagnetic Reference Field 1975. J Geomag Geoelect., 27: 437–439.
[9]-Barraclough, D.R. 1987. International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the fourth generation. Phys Earth planet Int 48: 279–292.
[10]-Langel, R.A., Barraclough, D.R., Kerridge, D.J., Golovkov, V.P., Sabaka, T.J., and Estes, R.H. 1988. Definitive IGRF models for 1945, 1950, 1955, and 1960. J Geomag Geoelect., 40: 645–702.
[11]-Langel, R.A. 1992. International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the sixth generation. J Geomag Geoelect., 44: 679–707.
[12]-Barton, C.E. 1997. International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the seventh generation. J Geomag Geoelect., 49: 123–148.
[13]-Mandea, M, and Macmillan, S. 2000. International Geomagnetic Reference Field-the eighth generation, 2000. Earth Planets Space, 52: 1119–1124.
[14]-Macmillan, S., Maus, S., Bondar, T., Chambodut, A., Golovkov, V., Holme, R., Langlais, B., Lesur V., Lowes, F.J., Luhr, H., Mai W., Mandea, M., Olsen, N., Rother, M., Sabaka, T.J., Thomson, A., and Wardinski, I. 2003. The 9th-Generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field. Geophys J Int., 155: 1051–1056.
[15]-Maus, S., Macmillan, S., Chernova, T., Choi, S., Dater, D., Golovkov, V., Lesur, V., Lowes, F.J., Luhr, H., Mai, W., McLean, S., Olsen, N., Rother, M., Sabaka, T.J., Thomson, A., and Zvereva, T. 2005. The 10th-generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field. Geophys J Int., 161: 561–565.
[16]-BGS,2020.http://www.geomag.bgs.ac.uk/data_service/models_compass/igrf_calc.html
[17]-Alken, P., Thèbault, E., Finlay, C. C., Beggan, C. D., Alken, P., Aubert, J., Barrois, O., Bertrand, F., Bondar, T., Boness, A., Brocco, L., Canet, E., Chambodut, A., Chulliat, A., Coïsson, P., Civet, F., Du, A., Fournier, A., Fratter, I., Gillet, N., Hamilton, B., Hamoudi, M., Hulot, G., Jager, T., Korte, M., Kuang, W., Lalanne, X., Langlais, B., Lèeger, J.-M., Lesur, V., Lowes, F. J., Macmillan, S., Mandea, M., Manoj, C., Maus, S., Olsen, N., Petrov, V., Ridley, V., Rother, M., Sabaka, T. J., Saturnino, D., Schachtschneider, R., Sirol, O., Tangborn, A., Thomson, A., Tøffner-Clausen, L., Vigneron, P., Wardinski, I., andZvereva, T., 2020. International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the 13th generation, in press.
[18]-Winch, D.E., Ivers, D.J., Turner, J.P.R., andStening, R.J. 2005. Geomagnetism and Schmidt quasi-normalization. Geophysical Journal International, 160(2): 487-504, URL https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02472.x.
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In a brief statement, the rights relate to the publication and distribution of research published in the journal of the University of Sebha where authors who have published their articles in the journal of the university of Sebha should how they can use or distribute their articles. They reserve all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights:
- Copyright and other property rights related to the article, such as patent rights.
- Research published in the journal of the University of Sebha and used in its future works, including lectures and books, the right to reproduce articles for their own purposes, and the right to self-archive their articles.
- The right to enter a separate article, or for a non-exclusive distribution of their article with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in the journal of Sebha University.
Privacy Statement The names and e-mail addresses entered on the Sabha University Journal site will be used for the aforementioned purposes only and for which they were used.