Evaluation of Concentration of Some Heavy Metals in Some Vegetables Grown in Ashati Agriculture Project
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Heavy Metals, Vegetables, Contamination, Irrigation, Fertilizers
Abstract
The Ashanti agriculture project was built in 1975 for the production of vegetables as well as grasses for animals. Since that time, vegetables have been grown and fertilized by chemical fertilizers and manures. Therefore, this investigation was conducted to study the state of the accumulation of some heavy metals such as Fe, Zn. Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Ni. in some selected vegetables, which include Solanum tuberosum (potatoes), Allium cepa L. (onion), Daucus carota L. (carrot), Cucurbita pepo (courgette), Solanum melongena L. (eggplant), Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce), Petroselinum crispum (mill.) Nym. (parsley), and Spinacea oleracea (spinach). The mean levels of these heavy metals ranged from 81.2-237.8, 11.5-56.3, 0.0-0.16, 06.9-42.6, 0.0-0.03, 0.0-20.13, 0.0-2.36 and 0.0-08.13. ppm for Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd and Cr. respectively. Soil samples were also collected from the same sites of collected vegetables. The concentrations of these metals in the soil were 2151.1, 265.4, 0.0, 8.7, 0.38, 15.85, 0.87 and 1.75 ppm, respectively. Among the vegetables studied, Fe, Zn, and Mn have the highest concentrations even though they are still within the permissible value for human consumption, whereas the concentrations of toxic metals of Ni, Cd, and Cr exceeded the allowable limits in some vegetables. The results also show chemical fertilizers used contain high concentrations of heavy metals such as 1.15, 33.0 and 6.4 ppm of Cd, Zn and Fe, respectively, as impurities.
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