The Effect of Sowing Date and Late Season Drought on Growth and Development of Bambara Groundnut ( Vigna Subterranea (L.) Verdc) Landraces Under Field Conditions in Botswana
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Bambara Groundnut, Drought, Heat, Legume, Yield
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sowing date and late season drought on the growth and development of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc). The experiment was conducted at the Botswana College of Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana. Two landraces were grown under three sowing dates and two water regimes; rain fed and irrigation. The two landraces were Dip C (from hot, dry environment/ Botswana) and Uniswa Red (from cool, wet environment/Swaziland). For the rainfed treatment, irrigation was terminated approximately at pod filling (63 DAS). There was a reduction in development, growth and yield. The effect of sowing date on leaf number was significant. The four treatments' mean of leaf number of leaves declined from 62 per plant in the first sowing date (D1) to 52 leaves per plant in the second sowing date (D2) and 46 leaves per plant in the third sowing date (D3). The effect of sowing date on pod number was significant (P< 0.05) with pod number reaching 20 pods per plant in D1and only 2 pods per plant in D3.The landraces varied in their response to temperature and drought stress with respect to growth and development. The landraces used different mechanisms to resist drought and temperature stress, that include reduction in leaf number and dry matter and avoidance through faster growth rate.
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