Breast Cancer (Molecular diagnostics and gene therapy attempts)

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers, and the foremost cause of death for women around the world. It may begin as a normal disease, then it may spread deep to part of the body, especially to the lymph node, bones and spine, making it more deadly. The chances of breast cancer increase with increasing in age, drinking alcohol and taking oral contraceptives. Breast cancer represents 23% of all new cancers and 14% of all cancer deaths. This established fact makes it the most deadly tumor in women. According, to recent studies, predisposition factors are grouped according to associating them with the occurrence of the disease; for example the mutation in BRCA1 leads to the risk of infection increases by 80%, and the BRCA2 mutation increases the risk by 45%. Breast cancer associated, with these mutations, occurs in younger women. The diagnosis of breast cancer begins with a physical examination, and diagnosing it through a mammogram or ultrasound. There are many analyzes that work on analyzing and identifying the BRCA1 / 2 mutation using different molecular tools, including (MS-PCR, DNA sequencing, next generation DNA sequencing). This method has shown its effectiveness in separating single nucleotides, and its advantages are with high accuracy and speed of analysis, as identifying mutations and early detection help to provide many treatments, especially, that breast cancer is curable if it is diagnosed accurately in the early stage. There are many methods used in its treatment, including chemotherapy and hormone therapy, Radiation therapy, gene therapy, etc. improves expectations and survival.