Anaphylaxis

Hossin I Mohamed Elshrif; Abdulnabi A. Masoud; Abdalsamed Altaher; Mutwakil G. Ahmed

المؤلفون

Hossin I Mohamed Elshrif Department of Medicine, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya
Abdulnabi A. Masoud Department of Medicine, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya
Abdalsamed Altaher Department of Medicine, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya
Mutwakil G. Ahmed Department of Medicine, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya

الكلمات المفتاحية:

Anaphylaxis، Hypersensitivity reaction، Adrenaline، Mast cell degranulation، Emergency management

الملخص

Editorial summary prepared for the online archive; the original print article was published without an abstract.

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening, generalised or systemic hypersensitivity reaction characterised by rapidly developing airway, breathing and/or circulation problems, usually with skin and mucosal changes. This review outlines its history, definition, prognosis, triggers, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and prevention. Common triggers are foods, insect venom and drugs, and about 20% of cases are idiopathic. Diagnosis rests mainly on the clinical history, supported by the UK Resuscitation Council (2008) criteria and, where appropriate, laboratory tests such as serum tryptase. Management follows the UK Resuscitation Council (2008) and US (2010) guidelines: assessment of airway, breathing and circulation, prompt intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine) as first-line treatment, positioning, oxygen and intravenous fluids, with antihistamines, inhaled β-agonists and corticosteroids as adjuncts; corticosteroids should never replace or precede adrenaline. Prevention relies on allergen avoidance, patient education and self-management, venom immunotherapy (effective in up to 98% of patients with venom-induced anaphylaxis), and pharmacological prophylaxis or desensitisation in selected cases.

التنزيلات

تنزيل البيانات ليس متاحًا بعد.

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