Modulation of Gene Expression Profile of Cytokines and Chemokines Following Infection with Avirulent and Virulent Leishmania Mexicana
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Avirulent Leishmania Mexicana, Virulent, Chemokines, Cytokines
Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania mexicana complex, is associated with unpleasant or disfiguring lesions with no available vaccine. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the gene expression profile of cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TGF-β) and chemokines (CCL-1, CCL-2, and CCL-5) following infection with avirulent and virulent L. mexicana promastigotes using human tumor MonoMac-6, U937 monocyte and macrophage cell lines by qPCR analysis. Furthermore, the effect of their soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA) was also investigated. Results showed that the level of cytokine/chemokine by parasite infection was both cell line- and parasite virulence-dependent. Results of this study illustrated that the gene expression profiles of IL-1 and IL-6 expression were significantly upregulated in the three cell lines following the avirulent parasite infection. However, the gene expression of TGF-β was up-regulated following the virulent L. mexicana infection in U937 macrophages and MonoMac-6 cell lines. Chemokines CCL-1, CCL-2, and CCL-5 gene expression was down regulated following the infection with L. mexicana in U937 monocytes and macrophages. SLA also has an impact on the gene expression profile of ILs and CCLs in stimulated target cells. For example, the gene expression profile of IL-6 was upregulated after stimulation with avirulent SLA in the three cell lines. In conclusion, virulent but not avirulent L. mexicana promastigotes significantly up-regulated T helper cell type 2 mediators, which supported the parasite surviving inside the host, and this in vitro model of avirulent L. mexicana parasites has potential role of understanding the parasite's pathogenicity.
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