Habitats, Phytochemical Metabolites and Phytoremediation Potential of Ranunculus Sceleratus L.
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Heavy Metals, Macrophytes, Phytoremediation, Secondary Metabolites
Abstract
Ranunculus sceleratus L. (Ranunculaceae) is an invasive alien widespread species commonly distributed in canals and drain banks. In Egypt, this plant exhibits extensive growth with occasional pure populations in the Nile Delta region. This study aimed to address the drivers for R. sceleratus abundance, phytochemical composition, and phytoremediation efficiency. The average abundance of R. sceleratus within 60 stands of 25 m² each was 47.9. The average root and stem lengths were 31.5 and 60.1 cm, respectively. The abundance of R. sceleratus was positively correlated with pH, electric conductivity, organic carbon, Fe, Mn, and Zn, while negatively correlated with total dissolved phosphorus, Cu, Co, Cd, and Pb. The shoot had the highest values of all bioactive metabolites, where phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins were recorded as 23.16, 5.11, 14.78, 6.34, and 18.50 mg kg⁻¹ dry weight, respectively. R. sceleratus had shoot and root bioaccumulation factors (BF) in the following orders: Cd> Ni> Cu> Pb> Zn> Fe> Mn> Co. R. sceleratus had a BFshoot value of more than one for Ni, Cu, and Pb, while BFroot was greater than one for Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Fe. Nevertheless, the translocation factor (TF) for all heavy metals was lower than one. Accordingly, R. sceleratus is a candidate for phytostabilization and/or phytoextraction for the most investigated heavy metals.
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