Prediabetes: A High-Risk State for Developing Diabetes. A Review Article
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Diabetes Mellitus, Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Impaired Fasting Glucose, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Prediabetes
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease in which blood sugar levels are above normal for a prolonged period. Hyperglycemia indicates a defect in insulin production and/or function. It is also associated with complications such as diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Globally, one in eleven adults has prediabetes; 90% of them have type 2 diabetes, so a significant portion of the population suffers from it. The prevalence rate in Spain is more than 12%. People with prediabetes appear to have a 30-70% chance of developing type 2 diabetes within the next 4-30 years. Adults with prediabetes have no signs or symptoms. As a result, many people do not realize that they are living with prediabetes. Risk factors for prediabetes include familial type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, body mass index (BMI), and a sedentary lifestyle. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Diagnostic Standards, pre-diabetes is defined as an impaired fasting glucose (IFG) between 110-125 mg/dL and/or an abnormality in the glucose tolerance test (Impaired). glucose tolerance-IGT) 2 hours after ingestion of 75 g of glucose, where the glucose concentration is between 140-200 mg/dL. Despite the same diagnostic IGT level, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) applies a lower cut-off for IFG FPG, between 100-125 mg/dL, and glycosylated hemoglobin-HbA1C between 5.7-6.4% As a new diagnostic standard for prediabetes.
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